-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
ÔÑÍ ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ááÕÝ ÇáËÇãä ÇáÝÕá 2
ÔÑÍ ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ááÕÝ ÇáËÇãä ÇáÝÕá 2
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÃæá
ÊÑßíÈ ÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ßãÇ åæ ãÚÑæÝ ÊÊßæä ãä ËáÇË ÃÔíÇÁ ÑÆíÓíÉ :
Subject .. ÇáÝÇÚá
Verb .. ÇáÝÚá
Object .. ÇáãÝÚæá Èå
æÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáØáÈÉ æÇáØÇáÈÇÊ íÎØÆä Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÊÑßíÈ ÇáÐí áÇíÊÛíÑ Ýåæ ÞÇÚÏÉ ËÇÈÊÉ
ãËÇá Úáì Ðáß :
They study mathematics,,,,,,, åã íÏÑÓæä ÇáÑíÇÖíÇÊ
They ......Subject
study....Verb
mathematics...Object
ÅÐÇ ÅÊÈÚäÇ ÇáÊÑÊíÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ
ÃæáÇð Subject .. ÇáÝÇÚá
ËÇäíÇð Verb .. ÇáÝÚá
ËÇáËÇð Object .. ÇáãÝÚæá Èå
ÇáßËíÑæä íÎØÄæä æíÑÊÈæÇ ÇáÌãáÉ ÍÓÈ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ
ÝíÞæáæä ãËáÇð:
Study they mathematics
ÅÐÇ ãä ÇáÎØà Ãä äÈÏà ÈÇáÝÚá Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ßãÇ Ýí ÇáÚÑÈí
Ýßá áÛÉ áåÇ ÞæÇÚÏåÇ ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÈåÇ ..
æÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÍÊã æÖÚ ÇáÝÇÚá ÃæáÇ Ëã ÇáÝÚá Ëã ÇáãÝÚæá Èå .
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáËÇäí
ÇáÖãÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÇÆÑ Pronouns
Ýí ÇáÈÏÇíÉ áÇÈÏ Ãä äÚÑÝ ãÇåæ ÇáÖãíÑ (pronoun) ¿
ÇáÖãíÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ..( ßáãÉ ÊÍá ãÍá Ãæ ÊÃÊí ÈÏíá ÅãÇ ÇáÅÓã Noun
Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ÇáÅÓãíÉ Noun phrase )
ãËÇá
Nawal eats apple
äæÇá ÊÃßá ÇáÊÝÇÍ
áæ ÃÑÏäÇ ÅÓÊÈÏÇá ÅÓã äæÇá ÈÖãíÑ ÇáÃäËì ÊÕÈÍ
She eats apple
åí ÊÃßá ÇáÊÝÇÍ
æááÖãÇÆÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÓÚÉ ÃäæÇÚ ÓäÔÑÍåÇ ÔÑÍÇ æÇÝíÇ
ÃæáÇð : ÖãÇÆÑ ÅÓã ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ Demostrative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã ÝíåÇ ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ÚÏÉ ÖãÇÆÑæåí :
(this/that/these/those/such)
̋臃
That is incredible
I will never forget this
Such is my belief
ËÇäíÇ : ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ Personal pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊãËá ÃÔÎÇÕ Ãæ ÃÔíÇÁ
æåí ÊäÞÓã ÞÓãíä :
ÃæáÇ ð: ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍá ãÍá ÇáÝÇÚá Ãæ ãä ÝÚá ÇáÝÚá
Ãí ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊí ÊÓÈÞ ÇáÝÚá Subject personal pronouns
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊåÇ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ
I, you ,he , she , it , we
I , he , she , it åÐå ÊÓÊÎÏã ááãÝÑÏ
We ÊÓÊÎÏã ááÌãÚ
You ÊÓÊÎÏã Ýí ßáÊÇ ÇáÍÇáÊíä ãÝÑÏ æÌãÚ
̋臃
She took the bus last night
He is aschool boy
We are Muslims
I stayed at home
You need another blanket
ËÇäíÇð : ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍá ãÍá ÇáãÝÚæá Èå
Ãæ åí ÇáÊí ÊÃÊí ÈÚÏ ÇáÝÚá æÇáÝÇÚá Object personal pronouns
æåí äÝÓ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ áßä ãÍæáÉ Åáì ÖíÛÉ ÇáãÝÚæá Èå áÃäåÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÈÏÇáå
æåí
Me ,you , him , her ,it , us
̋臃
John took it
Umar gave me abook
We sent you a letter
He adores her.
I saw it with my own eyes
They have just invited us to their wedding
We went with him
ËÇáËÇð : ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáãáßíÉ Possesive pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ ÇáãáßíÉ Ãæ ãáßíÉ ÔíÁ ãÚíä áÔÎÕ Ãæ ãÇÅáì Ðáß
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ:
Mine , yours ,his , hers , ours , yours , theirs
̋臃
This book is mine
This pencil case is yours
Mary is a relative of his
I've found hers
Ours need watering
Yours are bigger than mine
These are your notebooks and those are theirs
ÑÇÈÚÇð : ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÅäÚßÇÓíÉ Reflexisive pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÔíÑ Åáì ÇáÝÇÚá æÊäÚßÓ Úáíå æÊÕÇÛ Úä ØÑíÞ
ÅÖÇÝÉ Self ááãÝÑÏ Ãæ selves ááÌãÚ Åáì ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ:
my, your, our, him, her, it, them
ÝÊÕÈÍ
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
̋臃
She made this skirt herself
The queen herself was among the demostrators
The mayor himself spoke for the abolition of the dealth penalty
ÎÇãÓÇð: ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÅÓÊÝåÇãíÉ Interrogative pronouns
æåí ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã Ýí ÕíÛÉ ÇáÃÓÆáÉ Ãæ áÝÑÖ ÓÄÇá ãÚíä
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÈÏÃ È Wh
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí :
what, which, who, whom, and whose
̋臃 / Examples
What did you say¿
ãÇÐÇ ÞáÊ ¿
Who said that?
ãä ÇáÐí ÞÇá Ðáß ¿
Which do you prefer?
ãÇáÐí ÊÝÖáå¿
æåßÐÇ ...
ÓÇÏÓÇð : ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáäÝí Ãæ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáãäÝíÉ Negative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã áäÝí ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ Ãæ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÅÓãíÉ
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí
no-one, nobody, neither, none and nothing
̋臃
áÇíæÌÏ Nobody is here
She is neither a British nor American
åí áíÓÊ ÈÑíØÇäíÉ æáÇÃãÑíßíÉ
ÓÇÈÚÇð : ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÈÇÏáíÉ Reciprocal pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ æÊÔíÑ Åáì ÊÈÇÏá ÔíÁ ãÚíä Èíä ÔÎÕíä
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí :
each other / one another
ãËÇá :
áæ ßÊÈ ÚÇÏá Åáì ÃÎÊå ÍäÇä ÑÓÇáÉ æßÐáß ßÊÈÊ ÍäÇä ÑÓÇáÉ Åáì ÃÎíåÇ ÚÇÏá äÞæá ÅÐÇ
They write to each other / one another once a month
ßáÇåãÇ ÕÍíÍ ..
ËÇãäÇð : ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáæÕá Relative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÑÈØ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÈÃÓãÇÁ ãÚíäÉ Ãæ ÖãÇÆÑ ÃÎÑì
æåí :
(who/whoever/which/that)
ÇãËáÉ
The student who studies hardest usually does the best
ÇáØÇáÈÉ ÇáÊí ÊÏÑÓ ÌíÏÇ åí ÇáÊí ÊÞÏã ÇáÃÝÖá ÚÇÏÉ
ÊÇÓÚÇ æÃÎíÑÇð : ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáßãíÉ Quantifier
æåí ÊÝíÏ ÇáßãíÉ æÇáãÞÏÇÑ
æåí :
some, any, something, much, many, little, few , a lot
̋臃
I have few litrary books
ÃäÇ Ããáß ÈÚÖ ßÊÈ ÇáÃÏÈ
They like orange so much
åã íÍÈæä ÇáÈÑÊÞÇá ßËíÑÇ
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáËÇáË
ÇáÃÓãÇÁ Nouns
(ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáÃæá)
ãÇåæ ÇáÅÓã ¿What is anoun
ÇáÅÓã Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ åæ : ÅÓã ÔÎÕ (person) Ãæ ÔíÁ (a thing)
Ãæ ãßÇä ( aplace ) Ãæ ÅÓã ÍíæÇä (an animal ) Ãæ ÝßÑÉ ( an idea )
æÃí ÔíÁ íãßä Ãä íÓãì íØáÞ Úáíå ÅÓã Ãí ( Noun )
æíÌÈ Ãä äÚÑÝ ÏæãÇ Ýí ÍÇá æÌæÏ A/ an/ the ÞÈá ßáãÉ ãÚíäÉ ÝåÐÇ íÚäí
Ãä ãÇÈÚÏåÇ ãÈÇÔÑÉ åæ ÅÓã (Noun)
ÈÚÖ ÇáÃãËáÉ Úáì ÇáÃÓãÇÁ (Nouns)
dog, cats, women, Sally, justice, strength, departure
apples, England, Califonia, Steve Young, mice
school, beach, kindness, food
ÃãËáÉ Ýí Ìãá Úáì ÇáÃÓãÇÁ æåí ÇáãáæäÉ Èáæä ãÎÊáÝ
æÑÇÍ äØÈÞ ÇáÊÚÑíÝ Úáíåã
Samar and Nora made a cake
ÓãÑ æäæÑÉ ÞÇãæÇ ÈÚãá ßíßÉ
(ÃÓãÇÁ ÃÔÎÇÕ + ÔíÁ)
The moon is far away from the earth
ÇáÞãÑ íÈÚÏ Úä ÇáÃÑÖ
(ÃÓãÇÁ ÃãÇßä)
His kindness was appreciated
áÞÏ ßÇä áØÝå ãÓÊÍÓäÇ
(ÅÓã ÝßÑÉ )
The plane will depart in twenty minutes
ÓÊÞáÚ ÇáØÇÆÑÉ ÈÚÏ ÚÔÑæä ÏÞíÞÉ
(ÅÓã ÔíÁ)
ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÅÓã ÇáÍÓí æÇáÃÓã ÇáãÌÑÏ (ÇáãÚäæí)
Concrete & abstract nouns
(concrete N) ÇáÅÓã ÇáÍÓí
åæ ÅÓã ÇáÔÎÕ Ãæ ÇáãßÇä Ãæ ÇáÔíÁ ÇáÐí ÊÓÊØíÚ ÅÏÑÇßå ÈÍÇÓÉ
Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÍæÇÓß ÇáÎãÓ
õExamples / ÃãËáÉ
honey -- ÚÓá
pillows -- æÓÇÏÇÊ
fish -- Óãß
juice -- ÚÕíÑ
ÅÐÇ ßá åÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ äÓÊØíÚ ÅÏÑÇßåÇ ÈÍÇÓÉ Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÍÇÓÉ
ãä ÇáÍæÇÓ ÇáÎãÓ ÓæÇÁ ÈÇáäÙÑ Ãæ ÇáÔã Ãæ ÇáÊÐæÞ ........ÅáÎ
ÇáÅÓã ÇáãÌÑÏ (ÇáãÚäæí ) Abstract N
æåæ Ãí ÅÓã ÛíÑ ãÍÓæÓ æáÇíãßä áãÓå ÈÇáÍæÇÓ : ãËá ÇáãÔÇÚÑ
æÇáÕÝÇÊ æÇáãÒÇíÇ æÇáÃÝßÇÑ Ãí ÃÔíÇÁ ãÚäæíÉ
Examples / ̋臃
Thought -- ÝßÑÉ
Wisdom -- ÍßãÉ
Freedom -- ÇáÍÑíÉ
Creativity -- ÇáÅÈÊßÇÑ
ÊÚÇáæÇ äÔæÝ ÃãËáÉ Ýí Ìãá
I could smell dinner XXXXXng
(Concrete N ) ÃÓÊØíÚ Ôã Øåæ ÇáÛÏÇÁ
I don't have much knowledge on the subject, Professor
(abstract N) áíÓÊ ÚäÏí Ãí ÎáÝíÉ Ãæ Úáã Úä ÇáãæÖæÚ íÇÈÑæÝÓæÑ
ÇáÂä äÔæÝ ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÅÓã ÇáÎÇÕ æÇáÚÇã
Proper & common Nouns
ÃæáÇð : ÇáÅÓã ÇáÎÇÕ
Proper N
æåæ ÇáÅÓã ÇáÐí íãËá ÔÎÕ ãÚíä Ãæ ãßÇä ãÚíä Ãæ ÔíÁ ãÚíä
æåæ ÏÇÆãÇ íßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ . æáæ äáÇÍÙ Ãä ÃÓãÇÁ
ÃíÇã ÇáÃÓÈæÚ æÇáÔåæÑ æÇáãäÇÓÈÇÊ ÇáÊÇÑíÎíÉ æÇáãÚÇåÏ
æÇáãäÙãÇÊ æÇáÏíÇäÇÊ ßáåÇ ÊÚÊÈÑ ÃÓãÇÁ ÎÇÕÉ
æÊßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ (ÃÞÕÏ Ãæá ÍÑÝ ãä ÇáßáãÉ )
Examples/ ̋臃
Nawal äæÇá
Ramadan ÑãÖÇä
Friday íæã ÇáÌãÚÉ
Chrestianity ÇáãÓíÍíÉ
Islam ÇÓáÇã
First World War ÇáÍÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíÉ ÇáÃæáì
æåÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ßãÇ ÞáÊ ÊßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ ÓæÇÁ
ßÇäÊ Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ Ãæ æÓØ Ãæ ÂÎÑ ÇáÌãáÉ
I will go with Sara tomorrow
ËÇäíÇð :ÇáÅÓã ÇáÚÇã
Common Noun
åæÚßÓ ÇáÅÓã ÇáÎÇÕ ÊãÇãÇð Ýí ßá ÔíÁ Ýåæ ÇáÇÓã ÇáÐí íÚæÏ Åáì ÔÎÕ
Ãæ ãßÇä ÃæÔíÁ ÚãæãÇ æáíÓ Úáì æÌå ÇáÎÕæÕ . ÚÇÏÉ åÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÊßÊÈ
ÈÏÇíÇÊåÇ ÈÍÑÝ ÕÛíÑ ãÇÚÏÇ Ýí ÍÇáÉ æÇÍÏÉ ÅÐÇ ßÇäÊ Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ ÊßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ
Examples/ ̋臃
This woman is my sister
åÐå ÇáÅãÑÃÉ åí ÃÎÊí
This is my teacher
åÐÇ åæ ÃÓÊÇÐí
ÕíÛÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ æÇáÌãÚ Ýí ÇáÅÓã
Plural & singular forms
ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÚÇÏÉ Êßæä ÈØÈíÚÊåÇ ãÝÑÏÉ áßä ÅÐÇ ÃÑÏäÇ Ãä äÌÚáåÇ Ýí ÕíÛÉ
ÇáÌãÚ äÖíÝ áåÇ S Ãæ es
ãËÇá
Friend ãÝÑÏ
Friends ÌãÚ
ÍÓÈ äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ Ýßá ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÍíäãÇ äÑíÏ ÌãÚÇ äÖíÝ S
Ýí äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ ãÇÚÏÇ ÅÐÇ ßÇäÊ ÇáßáãÉ Ãæ ÇáÅÓã ãäÊåíÇ ÈÅÍÏì ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáÊÇáíÉ :
X , O , S , Sh , Ch , Z
ÝÅääÇ Ííä äÌãÚåÇ äÖíÝ Es
̋臃 :
Box -- Boxes
Wash -- washes
Buzz -- buzzes
Class -- classes
æÊÍÊæí ÖíÛÉ ÇáÌãÚ Ýí ÇáÅÓã Úáì ÞÇÚÏÉ ÔÇÐÉ áÈÚÖ ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÍíË
Ííä äæÏ ÌãÚ ßáãÉ ãÚíäÉ áÇäÖíÝ áåÇ
S/es
áßä íÊÛíÑ Ôßá ÇáßáãÉ ßáíÇ áÐáß íÌÈ Ãä ÊÍÝÙ
̋臃
Man -- men
Child -- children
Mouse -- mice
Foot --feet
Goose -- geese
Tooth -- teeth
Ox -- oxen
Woman -- women
louse -- lice
ÍíäãÇ äÞæã ÈÌãÚ ßáãÉ ÊäÊåí ÈÍÑÝ Y
æãÓÈæÞ ÈÍÑÝ ÓÇßä ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáÓÇßäÉ åí ßá ÍÑæÝ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ
ãÇÚÏÇ ÎãÓÉ ãäåÇ æåí I , o , u , e , a
æåÐå åí ÍÑæÝ ÇáÚáÉ
äÍÐÝ ÍÑÝ
Y
æäÖíÝ ÈÏÇáå ÍÑÝ
I
ãËÇá:
One country -- three countries
ÃãÇ ÅÐÇ ßÇä ÍÑÝ
Y
ãÓÈæÞ ÈÃÍÏ ÍÑæÝ ÇáÚáÉ ÇáÎãÓÉ ÇáÊí ÞáÊåÇ ÓÇÈÞÇ
äÞæã ÝÞØ ÈæÖÚ Çá
S
ÈÏæä Ãí ÊÛííííííííííÑ
ãËÇá
Toy-- toys
åäÇß ßáãÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ ÊäÊåí ÈÍÑÝí ÅãÇ
F / fe æåÐå äÍæáåÇ Åáì
Ves
ãËÇá
Leaf – leaves
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
ÈÇÑß Çááå Ýíß æÌÒÇß Çááå ÎíÑÇ
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
-
[marq="1;right;3;alternate"]ãÔßæÑ íÇáØíÈ [/marq]
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
ãÔßææææææÑ æÇááå íÚØíß ÇáÝ ÚÇÝíå
ãÌåæÏ ÎíÇáí ãäß
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
ãÔßæÑÉ ÇÎÊí Úáì ÔÑÍ ÇáÞæÇÚÜÜÜÏ
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
ÊÔßÑÇÊ Ú ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÑÇÆÚÉ ..
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
[marq="4;right;3;alternate"]ãÔßææææææææææææææÑåÜ æãÇ ÊÞÕÑíäÜÜ [/marq]
-
ÚÖæ ÌÏíÏ
-
ãÔÑÝ ÓÇÈÞ
ááÑÝÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ ÜÜÜÜÜÜÚ
ÖæÇÈØ ÇáãÔÇÑßÉ
- áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÅÖÇÝÉ ãæÇÖíÚ ÌÏíÏÉ
- áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÇáÑÏ Úáì ÇáãæÇÖíÚ
- áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÅÑÝÇÞ ãáÝÇÊ
- áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÊÚÏíá ãÔÇÑßÇÊß
-
ÞæÇäíä ÇáãäÊÏì