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æÇáãäÞæáÉ ãä ÈÚÖ ÇáãäÊÏíÇÊ
apostrophe.zip (38.3
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...4&d=1113330215
clauses.zip (114.9
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...5&d=1113330275
colons.zip (103.5
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...6&d=1113330518
commas.zip (97.0
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...7&d=1113330667
ENGLESH.zip (27.7
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...8&d=1113330789
fragments.zip (127.5
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...9&d=1113330848
run-ons.zip (288.7
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...0&d=1113330972
semi2.zip (164.0
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...1&d=1113331079
ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÞáíÒíå ÈæÑ ÈæíäÊ
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...3&d=1113331765
æåäÇ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáÏÑæÓ
ááÕÝ ÇáÓÇÏÓ
1.zip (102.4
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...4&d=1113332186
2.zip (50.3
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...5&d=1113332226
zip (192.9
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...7&d=1113332334
4.zip (4
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...8&d=1113332372
7.zip (47.3
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...0&d=1113332543
8.zip (63.1
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...1&d=1113332586
9.zip (117.5
http://www.algazalischool.com/vb/att...2&d=1113332642
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ÇáÃÓÜÑÇÑ ÇáÓÜÈÜÚ áÅÊÞÇä ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ
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ÇáÓÑ ÇáÃæá : Learn about word stress ¡ Ãí ÊÚáã äÈÑÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ .
äÈÑÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ æÇáãÞÕæÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Úáì ÈÚÖ ÇáÍÑæÝ Ýí ÇáßáãÉ ÇáæÇÍÏå ¡ æÊÚÊÈÑ ÇáãÝÊÇÍ ÇáÐåÈí ááÊÍÏË ÈÇáÅäÌáíÒí æÝåã åÐå ÇááÛÉ .
æåí ÃÝÖá ÇáØÑÞ áÝåã ÇáãÊÍÏËíä ÈåÇ ÎÇÕÉ ÅÐÇ ÕÇÏÝÊ ÃÍÏ íÊßáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÈÓÑÚÉ .
ãËÇá áæ ÃÎÐäÇ ËáÇË ßáãÇÊ :
photograph , photographer , photographic
åá äØÞåÇ ãÊÔÇÈå ¿
áÇ ¡ ÅäãÇ ãÎÊáÝ æÇáÅÎÊáÇÝ íßæä Ýí ÇáäÈÑÉ íÚäí Ýí ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Úáì ÈÚÖ ÇáÍÑæÝ Ýí ÇáßáãÉ ÇáæÇÍÏÉ ¡ ÍíË Ãä ÇáßáãÉ ÇáæÇÍÏÉ ÃÍíÇäÇ ÊÍÊæí Úáì ãÞØÚíä Ãæ ÚÏÉ ãÞÇØÚ æÈÚÖ åÐå ÇáãÞÇØÚ ÚäÏ äØÞåÇ äÔÏÏ ÚáíåÇ ÃßËÑ ãä ÛíÑåÇ .
ÈÇáäÓÈÉ ááãËÇá ÇáÓÇÈÞ ÇáÍÑæÝ Çááí ÈÃßÊÈåÇ ÈÇáßÇÈíÊá áíÊÑ åí Çááí ÈäÔÏÏ ÚáíåÇ
PHOtograph
phoTOgrapher
photoGRAPHic
ÎØæÊäÇ ÇáÃæáì ÅääÇ äÓãÚ æäÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÇáäØÞ ÇáÕÍíÍ ÈÚÏ ßÐÇ äÓÊØíÚ äØÞåÇ Òí ãÇ íäØÞåÇ ÃåáåÇ .
áãÚÑÝÉ ÇáãÒíÏ ãä äÈÑÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ ( æÈæÌæÏ ãáÝÇÊ ÕæÊíÉ áåÇ ) Åáíßã åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ :
http://pronunciation.englishclub.com/word-stress.htm
ÇáÓÑ ÇáËÇäí : Sentence Stress ¡ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ .
ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Úáì ÈÚÖ ÇáßáãÇÊ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáæÇÍÏÉ åæ ÇáãÝÊÇÍ ÇáÐåÈí ÇáËÇäí áÝåã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æÇáÊÍÏË ÈåÇ .
ßíÝ íßæä ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ ¿
ÇáãÞÕæÏ Ýíå Åä ÈÚÖ ÇáßáãÇÊ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáæÇÍÏÉ äÞÑÃåÇ ÈÕæÊ ÃÚáì ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÃÎÑì .
ãËÇá ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÊÇáíÉ :We want to go
åá äÞÑà ßá ßáãÉ Ýí åÐå ÇáÌãáÉ ÈäÝÓ ÇáÞæÉ Ãí ÈäÝÓ ãÓÊæì ÇáÕæÊ ¿
áÇ ¡ ÅäãÇ äÞÑà ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãåãÉ ÈÕæÊ ÃÚáì ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÃÎÑì .
ÈÇáäÓÈÉ ááãËÇá ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãåãÉ Ýíå äÚÑÝåÇ ÍÓÈ ãÚäì ÇáÌãáÉ æåí : want / go
Ýí åÐå ÇáÌãá ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãåãÉ æÇáÊí ÓÊÞÑà ÈÕæÊ ÃÚáì ÓÊßæä ÈÇáßÈíÊá áÊÑ :
We WANT to GO
We WANT to GO to WORK
We DON' T WANT to GO to WORK
We DON' T WANT to GO to WORK at NIGHT
áãÚÑÝÉ ÇáãÒíÏ Úä ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ ( ãÚ ãáÝÇÊ ÕæÊíÉ )
ãä åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ :
http://pronunciation.englishclub.co...ence-stress.htm/
ÇáÓÑ ÇáËÇáË : Listen ! Listen ! Listen ! ¡ÇÓÊãÚ ! ÇÓÊãÚ ! ÇÓÊãÚ !
ÇáÈÚÖ íÞæá ÃÍíÇäÇ : ÃäÇ áÇ ÃÓÊãÚ Åáì ÃÎÈÇÑ BBC Úáì ÇáÑÇÏíæ áÃäåã íÊÍÏËæä ÈÓÑÚÉ æáÇ ÃÓÊØíÚ Ýåã ãÇ íÞæáæä .
ÚäÏãÇ ÊÌÏåã íÊÍÏËæä ÈÓÑÚÉ æáÇ ÊÝåã áßáÇãåã åÐÇ ÈÇáÖÈØ íæÖÍ ÍÇÌÊß ááÇÓÊãÇÚ Åáíåã.
ßíÝ ÊÊØæÑ æ ÃäÊ áÇ ÊÓÊãÚ æáÇ ÊÊÏÑÈ ¿
ÚäÏãÇ ßäÊ ØÝá ÑÖíÚ åá ßäÊ ÊÝåã áÛÊß ÇáÃã ¿ ÚäÏãÇ ßÇä ÚãÑß ËáÇËÉ ÃÓÇÈíÚ Ãæ ÔåÑÇä Ãæ ÍÊì ÓäÉ æÇÍÏÉ åá ßäÊ ÊÝåã ßá ÔíÁ ¿
ÈÇáØÈÚ áÇ ¡ áßä áßí ÊÊÚáã Ýåã ÇááÛÉ íÌÈ Ãä ÊÓÊãÚ ÅáíåÇ .
ÝßÑ ÈåÐÇ ¡ ÃäÊ ÊÚáãÊ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ æÐáß ÈÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ ÅáíåÇ 24 ÓÇÚÉ Ýí Çáíæã æÓÈÚÉ ÃíÇã ÈÇáÃÓÈæÚ ÈÚÏ åÐÇ ßáå ÊÚáãÊ ßíÝ ÊÊÍÏË Ëã ÊÚáãÊ ßíÝ ÊÞÑà æÃÎíÑÇ ßíÝ ÊßÊÈ . áßä ÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ ÌÇÁ ÃæáÇ
ááãÒíÏ ãä ÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ ááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÔæÝæÇ åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ
http://listening.englishclub.com/radio.htm
ÇáÓÑ ÇáÑÇÈÚ : Don' t listen ! ¡áÇ ÊÓÊãÚ .
Ýí ÇáÓÑ ÇáËÇáË ÞáäÇ ÇÓÊãÚ ÈÓ ÇáÍíä äÞæá áÇ ÊÓÊãÚ ¿
ãÇ ÇáãÞÕæÏ ÈåÐÇ ¿
Ýí ÇáÈÏÇíÉ åá ÊÚÑÝæä ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÝÚá ( to listen ) æÇáÝÚá ( to hear ) ¿
To listen : íÚÊÈÑ ÕíÛÉ ÇáãÚáæã ãÚäÇå ÈÇáÚÑÈí ( íÓÊãÚ )
To hear : íÚÊÈÑ ÕíÛÉ ÇáãÌåæá ãÚäÇå ÈÇáÚÑÈí ( íÓãÚ )
ÃÍíÇäÇ íßæä ÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ ÕÚÈ ÌÏÇ æíÍÊÇÌ áÌåÏ ¡ æÝí ÈÚÖ ÇáÃæÞÇÊ íßæä ãä ÇáÃÝÖá Ãä äÓãÚ ÝÞØ .
ßíÝ íÚäí ¿ äÊÑß ÇáÑÇÏíæ íÚãá Ãæ äÔÛá Ãí ÔÑíØ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÈÓ ØÈÚÇ ãÇíßæä ÃÛÇäí æáßä áÇ äÓÊãÚ ÝÞØ äÓãÚ Ýí åÐå ÇáÍÇáÉ äÌÏ Ãä ÇááÇæÚí íÓÊãÚ ÈÏáÇ ãäÇ æÓäÙá äÊÚáã ¡ ÅÐÇ ÇÓÊãÚäÇ æÍÇæáäÇ Ãä äÝåã íãßä ãÇäáÞØ ÅáÇ ßáãÉ æÍÏå ÈÓ æíÎíÈ ÃãáäÇ .
áÇÊÎÇÝæä ÈÓ ÇÓãÚæÇ ¡ ÕÏÞæäí ÈäÓÊãÑ äÊÚáã ÈåÐå ÇáØÑíÞÉ ÇáÔíÁ Çáãåã ÅääÇ äÊÑß ÇáÑÇÏíæ íÚãá Ãæ ÇáÔÑíØ Ãæ ÇáÊáÝÒíæä æ äÓãÚ ááãÍÇÏËÇÊ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æÃäÊ áÇ ÊÓæí Ôí ÇáãÎ åæ Çááí ÑÇÍ íÔÊÛá æíÓãÚ æÇááÇæÚí ÚäÏäÇ åæ Çááí ÈíÓãÚ æíÊÚáã .
ßíÝ äÞÏÑ äÓãÚ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æÈßá ãßÇä ¿ ÔæÝæÇ åÇáÑÇÈØ :
http://listening.englishclub.com/everywhere.htm
áãä íÑíÏ ÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ áÞÕÇÆÏ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÔæÝ åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ :
http://listening.englishclub.com/poetry.htm
ÇáÓÑ ÇáÎÇãÓ : Improve your vocabulary with 5 words a day . ¡ ØæÑ ãÎÒæäß Ýí ÇáßáãÇÊ æÐáß ÈÎãÓ ßáãÇÊ Ýí Çáíæã ÇáæÇÍÏ
ÒíÇÏÉ ãÚáæãÇÊß Ýí ÇáßáãÇÊ ÔíÁ Óåá ...... ßíÝ ÊÇÈÚæÇ ãÚí
ßã íæãÇ Ýí ÇáÓäÉ ¿ ÚÇÏÉ 365 íæã ¡ Ýáæ ÊÚáãÊ Ýí ßá íæã ÎãÓ ßáãÇÊ ÌÏíÏÉ ÈíÕíÑ ÇáäÇÊÌ ÇáäåÇÆí Ýí ÇáÓäÉ ÍæÇáí 1825 ßáãÉ íÚäí ßã ßÈíÑ ãä ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ åÐÇ ÛíÑ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí ãä Çáããßä ÊÚáãåÇ ÈØÑÞ ÃÎÑì ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÞÑÇÁÉ Ãæ ÇáãÍÇÏËÉ Ãæ ÇáÅÓÊãÇÚ Ãæ ÛíÑå.
ÇÔÊÑ ÏÝÊÑ ãáÇÍÙÇÊ æÓÌáí Ýíå ÎãÓ ßáãÇÊ ÌÏíÏÉ Ýí ßá íæã æÊÚáãåÇ æÞÑíÈÇ Èíßæä ãÓÊæì ÇáßáãÇÊ ÚäÏß ããÊÇÒ .
ááãÒíÏ ãä ÊÚáã ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ :
http://vocabulary.englishclub.com/
ÇáÓÑ ÇáÓÇÏÓ : 30 Minutes A Day Better Than 3.5 Hours A We ek . ¡ ËáÇËæä ÏÞíÞÉ ÈÇáíæã ÇáæÇÍÏ ÎíÑ ãä ËáÇË ÓÇÚÇÊ æäÕÝ ÇáÓÇÚÉ ÈÇáÃÓÈæÚ .
Ýí ÇáÍÞíÞÉ ÝÅä ÏÑÇÓÉ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ äÕÝ ÓÇÚÉ Ýí Çáíæã ÇáæÇÍÏ ÎíÑ ãä ËáÇË ÓÇÚÇÊ æäÕÝ ÈÇáÃÓÈæÚ ¡ ÝÇáÏÑÇÓÉ ÇáãäÊÙãÉ æÇáíæãíÉ ÃÝÖá ÈßËíÑ ãä ÇáÏÑÇÓÉ ãä æÞÊ áÂÎÑ æÊßæä ÈÇáÅÖÇÝÉ áåÐÇ ÃÓåá .
ÝÅäå áãä ÇáÓåá ÅíÌÇÏ äÕÝ ÓÇÚÉ ÈÇáíæã ááÏÑÇÓÉ æÊßæä ËÇÈÊÉ ÈÍíË áæ ÎÕÕäÇ áåÇ Ãä Êßæä ÈÇáÚÕÑ Êßæä ÈäÝÓ ÇáæÞÊ ãä ßá íæã ÝÇáÇäÊÙÇã ÈÇáÏÑÇÓÉ åæ Çáãåã .
åäÇ ÈÚÖ ÇáÃáÚÇÈ ÇáÊÚáíãíÉ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ãä ßáãÇÊ ãÊÞÇØÚÉ æÃÝßÇÑ ËÇäíÉ ßËíÑ :
http://games.englishclub.com/
æåÐí ÈÚÖ ÇáÃáÛÇÒ æÃíÖÇ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ :
http://quizzes.englishclub.com/
ÇáÓÑ ÇáÓÇÈÚ : Revise ! Revise ! Revise ! ¡ÑÇÌÚ ! ÑÇÌÚ ! ÑÇÌÚ
!
ÅÐÇ ÑÇÌÚÊ ÓÊØæÑ ãä ÊÚáíãß 100 %
ãÇ ãÚäì ÇáãÑÇÌÚÉ ¿
ÊÚäí Ãä ÊäÙÑ ãÑÉ ÃÎÑì ¡ íÌÈ Ãä Êßæäí ãäÙã ÈÔÃä åÐÇ .
ÝÅÐÇ ÊÚáãÊ ÔíÁ íÌÈ Ãä ÊÏæäå ÈÚÏ Ðáß íÌÈ Ãä ÊäÙÑ Åáíå ËáÇË ãÑÇÊ :
ÈÚÏ íæã æÇÍÏ .
ÈÚÏ ÃÓÈæÚ .
ÈÚÏ ÔåÑ .
æÈÚÏ ßá ãÑÇÌÚÉ ÇÎÊÈÑ äÝÓß ...
ÊÚáã ¡ ãÑÇÌÚÉ ¡ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ
ãÑÇÌÚÉ ¡ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ
ãÑÇÌÚÉ ¡ ÇÎÊÈÇÑ
åÐí ÈÚÖ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ááãÑÇÌÚÉ
http://grammar.englishclub.com/index.html
äÞáÊ áßã ãä ÇÓÊÇÐ ÇáÞÏíÑ ãæÓì Èä ÓÚíÏ åÐÇ ÇáÏÑÓ ÈæÑ ÈæíäÊ ãÚ ÕæÊ ÇäÌáíÒí ááÕÝ ÇáÓÇÏÓ ( plural
( ÇáÌãÚ )
ÇáÌãÚ æÇáãÝÑÏ _ ÝæÇßå.rarþ
http://www.n3ash.net/attachment.php?...7&d=1195164082
ÚÑÖ ÈæÑÈæíäÊ Powerpoint ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ãÚ ÔÑÍ ãÈÓØ íãßäß ãä ÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ áÊÓÌíá ÕæÊí áßáãÇÊ ãÊäæÚÉ æÑÏÊ ßÃãËáÉ ááäØÞ ÇáÕÍíÍ¡ íÔãá ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ ÊÚáã ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÚÇãÉ áäØÞ ÍÑæÝ æßáãÇÊ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æ íÔãá ßÐáß ÇáÊÚÑíÝ ÈÇáãÞÇØÚ ÇáÕæÊíÉ æ ãÝÇÊíÍ ÇáäØÞ ÇáæÇÑÏÉ Ýí ÇáãÚÇÌã ÇáÊí ÊÓÇÚÏ Ýí äØÞ ÇáßáãÇÊ¡ íãßäß ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ ßÐáß ãä Ýåã ÇáÊÔÏíÏ Ýí ÇáßáãÉ æÇáÊÔÏíÏ Ýí ÇáÌãáÉ¡ åäÇß ÃíÖÇõ ÚÑÖ ÔÇãá ÈÇáÃãËáÉ ááÍÑæÝ ÇáÕÇãÊÉ ¡ íÍÊæí ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ Úáì ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊí áåÇ äÝÓ ÇáäØÞ ãÚ ÇÎÊáÇÝåÇ Ýí ÇáÊåÌÆÉ æ ÇáãÚäì:
ÇáÊÍãíá ãä åÐÇ ÇáãæÞÚ (ÊÞÑíÈÇð 6 ãíÛÇ ÈÇíÊ):
http://www.box.net/shared/pazxknouy7
ÇßÈÑ ãßÊÈÉ áÈÑÇãÌ ÊÚáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÞæÇãíÓ æÈÑÇãÌ ãäæÚÉ
- ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáßÇÝí ááÊÑÌãÉ ãä ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ááÇäÌáíÒíÉ æãä ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ááÚÑÈíÉ : ÈÑäÇãÌ ãÐåá æÑÇÆÚ ÍíË íãßä ÊÑÌãÉ ÞØÚÉ ßÇãáÉ ..ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ Çáì ÇÍÊæÇÆå Úáì ÚÏÏ ãä ÇáÊÚÇÈíÑ æÇáãÕØáÍÇÊ ÇáãåãÉ..
Íãá ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáßÇÝí
http://www.hzlyat.com/dload/go.php?id=479
ßÑÇß ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáßÇÝí
http://www.alkhiat.netfirms.com/alkhiat.zip
2- ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáæÇÝí ÇáÐåÈí : ÞÇãæÓ ááÊÑÌãÉ ãä ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ááÚÑÈíÉ ..æÈÇãßÇäå ÇíÖÇ äØÞ ãÇ ÊßÊÈå ..æåæ ÑÇÆÚ ÌÏÇ..
Íãá ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáæÇÝí ÇáÐåÈí http://www.arab-international.com/d...ternational.zip
æåÐå ßáãÉ ÇáÓÑ ááãáÝ : www.arab-international.com/vb
3- ÈÑäÇãÌEnglish 2000 : ÈÑäÇãÌ ÑÇÆÚ æãÝíÏ íÍÊæí Úáì 2000 ÓÄÇá Ýí ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ãÞÓãÉ Ýí 20 ãÓÊæì Ýí ßá ãÓÊæì ÎãÓ æÍÏÇÊ æÝí ßá æÍÏÉ 20 ÓÄÇá ãÚ ÇÑÈÚ ÇÎÊíÇÑÇÊ.. .ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ íÎÊÈÑß Ëã íÚØíß ÇáäÊíÌÉ..
Íãá ÈÑäÇãÌ english2000
http://www.absba.com/modules.php?na...p=getit&lid=209
4-(talk it) ÈÑäÇãÌ ÎÝíÝ æÑÇÆÚ ÌÏÇ : íäØÞ ßá ãÇ ÊßÊÈå ÈÚÏÉ ÇÕæÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ : ÕæÊ ØÝá ..ÇãÑÇÉ ..ÑÌá ...ÚÌæÒ ..ÑæÈæÊ ..ÇáÎ..ãÝíÏ ÌÏÇ Ýí ÊÚáã ÇáäØÞ ÇáÕÍíÍ áßáãÇÊ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ..
Íãá ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ http://www.absba.com/modules.php?na...p=getit&lid=209
5-( in English) : ÈÑäÇãÌ ÑÇÆÚ æãÝíÏ ÌÏÇ ..íÍæí ÊãÇÑíä æÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ ááãÈÊÏÆíä æÇáãÊÞÏãíä Ýí ÍÑæÝ ÇáÌÑ æÇáÙÑæÝ æÊÑßíÈ ÇáÌãáÉ æÇáäØÞ æÛíÑå..ÇÖÛØ åäÇ áÊÍãíá ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ
http://www.inenglish.com/software/i...sh1.2folder.exe
6- ( idio majec) : ÈÑäÇãÌ ÑÇÆÚ ãÝíÏ Ýí ÊÚáã ÇáãÕØáÍÇÊ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æããÇÑÓÊåÇ ãÚ ÈÚÖ ÇáÇãËáÉ æÇÎÊÈÇÑ áÐáß..
ÇÖÛØ åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ
http://www.idiomagic.com/
7- ( wordzap) : ÈÑäÇãÌ ãÝíÏ ÍíË íÎÊÈÑ ÞÏÑÊß Ýí ãÚÑÝÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æåæ ÚÈÇÑÉ Úä áÚÈÉ ãÝíÏÉ æãÓáíÉ..
http://www.oz.net/mica/wrdzp32b.exe
8-( readpleasep plus 2003) ÈÑäÇãÌ ÑÇÆÚ : íÞÑÇÁ ãÇ ÊßÊÈå æáæ ßÇä ÞØÚÉ ßÇãáÉ.. ÈÚÏÉ ÇÕæÇÊ æÈáÛÇÊ ãÎÊáÝÉ.. ãÝíÏ Ýí ãÚÑÝÉ ÇáäØÞ æÇáÊåÌí ÇáÕÍíÍ..
http://www.readingbar.com/downloads...dplease2003.exe
9-( language teacher 98 ) : ÞÇãæÓ ÎÝíÝ íÍæí ÚÏÏ ßÈíÑ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ááÊÑÌãÉ ãä ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ááÚÑÈíÉ æÇáÚßÓ..
Íãá ÇáÞÇãæÓ
http://www.hzlyat.com/dload/go.php?id=483
10- ( improve your writing skills) : ÈÑäÇãÌ ÑÇÆÚ æãÝíÏ ÌÏÇ ÍíË íÚáãß ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æíØæÑ ãåÇÑÇÊß Ýí ÇáßÊÇÈÉ æßá ãÇ íÊÚáÞ ÈåÇ ..
ÓÊÌÏ åäÇ 3 ÈÑÇãÌ ãÝíÏÉ áÊÚáã æããÇÑÓÉ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ÈÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ :
ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÇæá áÊÚáã ÇáßÊÇÈÉ
http://www.mantex.co.uk/software/helpdisk.exe
http://www.mantex.co.uk/software/skills.exe
ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáËÇáË
11- ÚÏÏ ßÈíÑ ãä ÇáÈÑÇãÌ ÇáãÊãíÒÉ æÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ ãÊÚáã ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ Ýí : ÇáÞæÇÚÏ æÇáßÊÇÈÉ æÇáÞÑÇÁÉ æÇáÑíÇÖíÇÊ..
http://www.meritsoftware.com/
12- ÇÑÈÚÉ ÈÑÇãÌ ( Ïíãæ ) Ýí ÛÇíÉ ÇáÑæÚÉ ÈÇÑÈÚ ãÓÊæíÇÊ : ãÈÊÏíÁ - ãÊæÓØ- ãÊæÓØ ãÑÊÝÚ- æãÊÞÏã: ÊÍæí Úáì ÊãÇÑíä æÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ æÞæÇÚÏ æÇÓÊãÇÚ æßÊÇÈÉ ..ÊÝíÏ ãÊÚáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ..
http://www.exceller.com/focus-on-grammar.html
13- ÈÑäÇãÌ ÑÇÆÚ áÊÚáíã ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ :
http://www.paul-raedle.de/vtrain/data/vtrain30-en.exe
ÊÚáã ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ...ÈÇáÚÑÈí
http://dhaim.8m.com/rules.htm
ÈÑäÇãÌ ÊÚáíãí ááÇØÝÇá áÊÚáíãåã ÇááÛå ÇáÇäÌáíÒíå
http://baramj.com/modules.php?name=...=getit&lid=1312
åÐÇ ÈÑäÇãÌ ÊÚáíãí ãÝíÏ íÍæí ÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáÊãÇÑíä æÇáÔÑÍ æÛíÑå ÝíãÇ íÎÕ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æßÐáß ÇáÝÑäÓíÉ..
ÍÌãå: 6.94 ãíÞÇÈÇíÊ..
http://download.edulang.com/Install...erVocabster.exe
Animated Alphabet for Windows 1.0
ÈÑäÇãÌ íÚáøã ãÎÇÑÌ ÇÕæÇÊ ÇáÍÑæÝ :
ÈÑäÇãÌ íÚáøã ãÎÇÑÌ ÇÕæÇÊ ÇáÍÑæÝ ÈÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáÕøÛíÑÉ æÇáßÈíÑå . ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáãÊÍÑøßÉ ÇáØøæíáÉ æ ÇáÞÕíÑÉ ..
ÇáÅÕÏÇÑ: Shareware
ÇáÊæÇÝÞ: ÌãíÚ ÇáæäÏæÒ
http://www.baramj.com/modules.php?n...getit&lid=13216
ÈÑäÇãÌ ÊÚáøã ááãÝÑÏÇÊ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíøÉ, ÈÎÇÕøÉááÐíä ÓíÞÏãæä ÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ æ ÇãÊÍÇäÇÊ ßá ãä : TOEFL, GMAT, GRE, SAT , ÎáÇá ØÑÞ ãÚÑÝÉ ßËíÑÉ
ÇáÅÕÏÇÑ: Shareware
ÇáÊæÇÝÞ: 98/2000/NT/ME/XP
http://baramj.com/modules.php?name=...getit&lid=15904
english listening test
ÈÑäÇãÌ ÞÇãæÓ ÇäÌáíÒí ÚÑÈí íÓÇÚÏß Úáì ÊÑÌãÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ãä æÇáì ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇÎæÇäí åÐÇ ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ Ìãíá æãÓÇÚÏ
ÞÇá Úäå æÇÖÚå ( íÊÑÌã ÇáßáãÇÊ æÇÓÚÉ ÇáÇäÊÔÇÑ æíÚØí ÈÚÖ ÇáÊÕÑíÝÇÊ ÇáåÇãå áãÓÇÚÏÉ ØáÇÈ ÇáãÑÍáÊíä ÇáãÊæÓØÉ æÇáËÇäæíÉ )
æÌÏå Ýí ãÑßÒ ÈÑÇãÌ ÇáÞãÑ
æåæ ÈÍÌã 2.42
ÇÖÛØ åäÇ áÊÍãíáå
http://www.moon15.com/pro/pafiledb....download&id=342
åÐå ÈØÇÞÇÊ ÏÚæíÉ
http://www.d3wah.com/card/create.php?card_id=18
http://www.3afooor.com
http://www.b4death.com/home.html
ãæÞÚ áÚãá ÝáÇÔ ßÇÑÊ
http://www.clipart.com/en
http://www.dltk-teach.com
http://office.microsoft.com/clipart/default.aspx
ãæÞÚ ááÇÎÊÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÊÍÕíáíÉ
http://www.taifedu.gov.sa/exam/default.asp
ÃßÈÑ ãæÓæÚÉ ÚÑÝÊåÇ ÇáÔÈßÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ááÚÑæÖ ÇáÈæÑÈæíäÊ
æÍÊì ÇÖÇÝÉ ÇáÑÇÈØ áÇíæÌæÏ Èå ÏÑæÓ ááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíå
áßäì æÖÚÊå Úáì Çãá æÌæÏåÇ Ýí ÇáãÓÊÞÈá
http://www.almotmaiz.net/club/por/
äÕíÍÉ ßíÝ ÊÊÚáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=12468
*** ãæÇÞÚ ÊÑÌãÉ æÞÇãæÓ æÈÑÇãÌ äØÞ ***
ÞÇãæÓ ÕÛíÑ
ÞÇãæÓ Íáæ æãÝíÏ ÊÍãáå Úáì ßãÈíæÊÑß
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=17251
ãæÞÚ ÊÑÌãÉ ÚÑÈí ÇäÌáíÒí æ ÇäÌáíÒí ÚÑÈí ÓÑíÚ ÌÏÇ æãÌÇäí
http://www.arabmob.com/trans.php
ãæÇÞÚ ÊÑÌãÉ ÇÎÑì
http://www.almisbar.com/salam_trans_a.html
http://atarjim.ajeeb.com/ajeeb2/alogin.asp
ãæÞÚ íæÌÏ Èå ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä ÇáÈÑÇãÌ ÇáãÝíÏÉ Ýí ÇáäØÞ æÇáÊÑÌãÉ æÇáãÕØáÍÇÊ ááÊÍãíá
http://www.absba.org/vb/showthread.php?threadid=90228
ÈÑäÇãÌ ÊßÊÈ Çí ÌãáÉ Çæ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáÌãá Ëã íäØÞåÇ ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ
ãáÍæÙå Ýíå ÈÚÖ ÇáßáãÇÊ íäØÞåÇ ÎØÇÁ
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...5047#post175047
*** ãæÇÞÚ ÇäÇÇÇÇÇÇÔíÏ ÈÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ***
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=42651
http://members.lycos.co.uk/englissh/grammar.htm
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=41848
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=42820
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=43372
:::::::::
*** ãæÞÚ ÇáÚÇÈ ÊÚáíãíÉ æÈÑÇãÌ ÊÓáíÉ ***
ãæÞÚ ÇáÚÇÈ ÊÚáíãíÉ ãÊäæÚÉ
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...4996#post174996
ãæÞÚ ÇáÚÇÈ ÊÚáíãíÉ ãÊäæÚÉ ãÚ ØÑíÞÉ ÇáÚãá
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=42616
ãæÇÞÚ ãÝíÏÉ æÊÍæí ÇÑßÇä ááÇØÝÇá æÇáÊÚáã ÈÇáÊÓáíÉ æÈÚÖåÇ íÍæí ÈÚÖ ÇäæÇÚ ÇáÎØæØ
http://www.syriaclub.net/entert.htm
http://www.edhelper.com/
http://www.allsciences.net/vb/forum....php?forumid=21
http://atef.8m.com/KIDS.htm
http://e4u.jeeran.com/fonts/efont1.htm
http://www.allsciences.net/vb/forum....php?forumid=21
*0*0* ÈÑäÇãÌ ááÇÝÚÇá ÇáÔÇÐÉ æÊÕÑíÝåÇ ÊÖÚ Çí ÝÚá æÇáÈÇÞì Úáì ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ *0*0*
ÝÞØ Íãá ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=42533
**** ãæÇÞÚ ÏÑÇÓíÉ ááãÑÍáÉ ÇáãÊæÓØÉ ****
http://www.hettin.8k.com/note1.htm
http://www.kfh.8k.com/
ãæÞÚ ÌÇãÚ ÌãíÚ ßáãÇÊ ÇáãäåÌ Ýí ÞÇãæÓ
http://www.ostaz.host.sk/dictionary/main.htm
ãæÞÚ íåÊã ÈÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ááãÑÍáÉ ÇáãÊæÓØÉ
www.e4u.jeeran.com
ÇáÞÇÚÇÊ ÇáÊÚáíãíÉ ÈÇáÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÚÇãÉ ááÊÑÈíÉ æÇáÊÚáíã ÈãäØÞÉ ãßÉ ÇáãßÑãÉ - ÊÚáíã ÌÏÉ
http://www.jededu.net/board/forumdisplay.php?forumid=8
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=42705
"""""""""" ãæÇÞÚ ááËÇäæí """""""""""
http://www.esaflaj.8k.com/
http://geocities.com/lessons22/index.htm
http://khayma.com/lessons
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=40628
ãæÞÚ ÌÇãÚ ÌãíÚ ßáãÇÊ ÇáãäåÌ Ýí ÞÇãæÓ
http://www.ostaz.host.sk/dictionary/main.htm
ÇáÞÇÚÇÊ ÇáÊÚáíãíÉ ÈÇáÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÚÇãÉ ááÊÑÈíÉ æÇáÊÚáíã ÈãäØÞÉ ãßÉ ÇáãßÑãÉ - ÊÚáíã ÌÏÉ
http://www.jededu.net/board/forumdisplay.php?forumid=8
*** ãæÇÞÚ ãÊÝÑÞÉ ãÝíÏÉ ááãÚáãíä æÇáãÚáãÇÊ ***
http://www.supervision.8k.com/
http://amazingforums.com/forum/KFH/forum.html
http://teachers.teach-nology.com/index.html
åÐå ãæÇÞÚ ãÝíÏÉ áÚãá ÊÏÑíÈÇÊ Çæ ÊÞÏíã ááÏÑæÓ ÎÇÕ ÈÇáãÚáãíä
http://www.englishlearner.com/
http://www.teachernet.com/
ÚÑÖ ÌÐÇÈ áÊÕäíÝ Èáæã ááÇåÏÇÝ ÇáÓæßíÉ
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=42931
ãßÊÈÉ ßÊÈ
http://www.fiseb.com/
*** ãæÇÞÚ ãÊÎÕÕ áÊÚáíã æ ÊÚáã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æÞæÇÚÏåÇ ***
* åÐÇ ÇáãæÞÚ ÊÓÊãÚ Çáì ÞÕÉ Çæ ÞØÚÉ Ëã ÊÌÇæÈ Úáì ÇáÇÓÆáÉ ÇáãÚØÇå
http://www.esl-lab.com/
* åÐÇ ÇáãæÞÚ ÊÓÊãÚ Çáì ÞÕÉ Çæ ÞØÚÉ æÇäÊ ÊÖÚ ÇáÇÓÆáÉ áØáÇÈß
http://www.antimoon.com/other/shaggydog.htm
http://www.english-zone.com
http://dhaim.8m.com/rules.htm
http://www.khayma.com/yousry/CurrTeacMeth.htm
http://www.kfh.8k.com/ab.htm
"""""""""""""""""
æÚáì åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ ÊÌÏæä ãÌãæÚÉ ãÊäæÚÉ ãä ÇáãæÇÞÚ æÇáæÕáÇÊ ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÈÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.alshref.com/vb/showthrea...&threadid=16056
ÊÚáã ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ãÚ Èí Èí Óí
http://www.bbc.co.uk/arabic/arabic_elt/index.shtml
ÇáãæÓæÚÉ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.encyclopedia.com/
ÞÇãæÓ ,ãÊÑÌã æÂáÉ ÈÍË Úä ÇáãÊÑÇÏÝÇÊ æÇáÚßÓ
http://www.dictionary.com/
ÕÝÍÉ ÎÇÕÉ áÊÚáã ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://awady77.jeeran.com/
ãæÞÚ ãÊäæÚ ÇáÎÏãÇÊ ÊÔãá ÞæÇãíÓ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ æ ÇáÊÑÌãÉ
http://www.ajeeb.com/
ãæÞÚ áÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ Úä ØÑíÞ ÇáÈÑíÏ ÇáÇáßÊÑæäì
http://www.english-course.com/
ÇíÖÇ ãæÞÚ áÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÈÑíÏ ÇáÇáßÊÑæäì
http://www.english2u.com/freelessons.html
ãæÞÚ ãÊÚÏ ÇáÇÛÑÇÖ íÎÕ ÇáÇÏÈ ÇáÇäÌáíÒì æ ÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ãÝíÏ áßá ãä ÇáØáÈÉ æ ÇáãÏÑÓíä Úáì ÍÏ ÓæÇÁ
http://www.soon.org.uk/XXXXXXX.htm
ãæÞÚ ããÊÇÒ áÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ÔÇãá æ Èå ÈÇÈ áÊÚáíã ÇáÊæÝá ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ Çáì ÇãÊÍÇäÇÊ ÇáÊæÝá ÊÌÏæäåÇ ãÊæÝÑÉ Ýì äÝÓ ÇáãæÞÚ
http://www.englishpage.com/
Ìãíá åÐÇ ÇáãæÞÚ áÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ åæ ãíÒÉ ÇáÊÊãÑíä ÇáÓãÚ ÕæÊì Úáì ÇáäØÞ
http://www.elfs.com/
ãæÞÚ ÂÎÑ íÊíÍ ÇáÊÚáã ááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÈÑíÏ ÇáÇáßÊÑæäì
http://www.englishlearner.com/
ãæÞÚ áãÎÊáÝ ÇáÍæÇÑÇÊ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.geocities.com/abracad_1999/edm.html
ãæÞÚ ããÊÇÒ áÊÚáíã ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ ÈæÇÓØÉ ÇáÇÓÊãÇÚ ÍíË ÊÊæÝÑ ãÚå ÝÑÕÉ ÇáÊÞííã
http://www.englishlistening.com/http://www.jump/
ãæÞÚ ÕæÊì ááÛÇÊ ÇáãÎÊáÝÉ ãËá ÇáÑæÓíÉ æ ÇáíÇÈÇäíÉ æ ÇáßæÑíÉ æ ÛíÑåÇ ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ ááÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.ild.com/demos/french/index.shtml
ÞÇãæÓ ãíÑíÇã æíÈÓÊÑ ááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.m-w.com/
ÞÇãæÓ áãÎÊÕÑÇÊ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
http://www.numa.com/ref/acronym.htm
ÞÇãæÓ ÂÎÑ
öhttp://www.onelook.com
æÊÑÇå ãÊÌÏÏÉ
æááÇãÇäå
ÇáãæÖææææææÚ ãäÞæá
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ÏæÑÉ ÊÚáã ÞæÇÚÏ æ ãåÇÑÇÊ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ãä ÇáÃáÝ Åáì ÇáíÇÁ ( ÓáÓáÉ ÏÑæÓ )
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ÈÓã Çááå ÇáÑÍãä ÇáÑÍíã
ÓÃÞÏã Åä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÊÚÇáì ÈÚÖ ÇáÏÑæÓ áÊäãíÉ ãåÇÑÇÊ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ æ ÊÍÓíäåÇ ßãÇ Óíßæä ÇáÔÑÍ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ ááãÈÊÏÆíä æáßä ÃÍÈÐ áãä ãÓÊæÇåã ãÊæÓØ Ýì ÇááÛÉ Ýíã ÃÚáì Ãä íÍÇæáæÇ ÇáÞÑÇÁÉ ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÝÞØ áÃä åÐÇ ÃÝÖá áåã :
ÃåÏÇÝ ÇáÏÑæÓ :
1- ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊÑÞíã ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æ ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ßíÝíÉ ÇÓÊÎÏÇãåÇ ÇáÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÃãËá .
2- ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÇáÝÞÑÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ( ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ) æ ÃÌÒÇÆå æ ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ßíÝíÉ ßÊÇÈÊåÇ ÈÇáÔßá ÇáÕÍíÍ æÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ßíÝíÉ ÊßæíäåÇ .
3- ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ßíÝíÉ ÇáãÍÇÝÙÉ Úáì æÍÏÉ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ æ ßÐáß ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ßíÝíÉ ÇáÅäÊÞÇá ãä ÌãáÉ æ ÃÎÑì ÈÓåæáÉ
Coherence and Continuity
4- ßíÝ ÊæáÏ æ ÊÃÊì ÈÃÝßÇÑ áãæÖæÚÇÊ ÞÏ ÊÙä Ãäß áÇ ÊÓÊØíÚ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ÈåÇ ( Ãåã ÏÑæÓ ÇáÏæÑÉ ) .
5- ãä ÞÈíá ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáåÇãÉ ÐÇÊ ÇáÕáÉ ÈßÊÇÈÉ ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ :
öÃ- ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÅÊÝÇÞ Èíä ßá ãä ÇáÝÇÚá æ ÇáÝÚá _ ( Ãåã ÏÑæÓ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ Úáì ÇáÅØáÇÞ ÈÇáäÓÈÉ ááßÊÇÈÉ æ ÇáãÍÇÏËÉ ) . È - ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ÈÇáäÓÈÉ áäØÞ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ¡ áÃäå ßãÇ åæ ãä ÇáãÚÑæÝ Çä ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÕÚÈÉ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ¡ áÐÇ ÓäÍÇæá ÞÏÑ ÇáãÓÊØÇÚ Ãä äÌÏ ÞæÇÚÏ ÚÇãÉ Èíä ÇáäØÞ æ ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ÈãÇ íÓåá ßÊÇÈÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ .
ÌÜ Ü ÇáÊÚÑÝ Úáì ÃÌÒÇÁ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ .
ãÜÜáÇÍÙå
ÇáãæÖæÚ ãäÞææá
æÊã äÞáå áÇåãíÊå æáÊÚã ÇáÝÇÆÏåÜ
äÈÏà Çáíæã Åä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÍáÞÇÊ ÅÌÇÏÉ ÇÓÊÎÏÇã Punctuation Marks ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊÑÞíã ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ æ äÈÏà ÈÜÜ
APOSTROPHESÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ Ýì åÐå ÇáÍÇáÇÊ ÇáÊÇáíÉ :
ÇáãáßíÉ
ÇáÇÔÇÑÉ Çáì ÇáãáßíÉ ÚäÏãÇ íÊÈÚåÇ ÇáÍÑÝ
singular: man's role John's party
plural: men's role children's playground
äÖÚ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ ÝÞØ s ÇÐÇ ßÇäÊ ÇáÇÓãÇÁ ÓæÇÁ ãÝÑÏÉ Ãæ ÌãÚ ãäÊåíÉ ÈÍÑÝ ÇáÌÑ
dogs' fur Aguilars' house*
boys' pants Joneses' cars
ÈÇáäÓÈÉ ááÖãÇÆÑ ÛíÑ ÇáãÍÏÏÉ indefinite pronouns ÝÅäå ãä Çáããßä ÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ áåÇ
everyone's success one's leg
somebody's house anybody's home
ãáÇÍÙÇÊ :
1- ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ + s ãÚ ÇáßÇÆäÇÊ ÇáÍíÉ æ ÇáÇÓÎÇÕ ÝÞØ
2- íÓÊÎÏã ÍÑÝ ÇáÌÑ of ááÊÚÈíÑ Úä ÇáãáßíÉ ãÚ ÇáÌãÇÏÇÊ
Awkward: The chair's back was broken.
Improved: The back of the chair was broken.
3- ÚäÏ Êßæíä ÇáãáßíÉ ÊÊÇáì ÍÑÝì s ãÊÊÇáííä ÝÝì ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì ÇáÇÓØÑ ÇáÇæá íÚÈÑ Úä ÇÌÇÈÉ ÛíÑ ãäÇÓÈÉ ÃãÇ ÇáÇÎÑì ÇáÊì Ýì ÇáÓØÑ ÇáËÇäì ÝÊÚÈÑ Úä ÇáÇÌÇÈÉ ÇáÃÕÍ
Awkward: conscience's sake
Improved: conscience' sake
Awkward: Claudins's feast
Improved: Claudins' feastÇáÇÎÊÕÇÑÇÊ
Ýì ÇáÇÎÊÕÇÑÇÊ íÊã ÏãÌ ßáãÊíä Ýì ßáãÉ æÇÍÏÉ Úä ØÑíÞ ÍÐÝ ÍÑÝ Çæ ÚÏÉ ÍÑæÝ æ ÇÓÊÈÏÇáåÇ ÈÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ æ áÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã åÐå ÇáÇÎÊÕÇÑÇÊ Ýì ÇáßÊÇÈÉ ÇáÇßÇÏíãíÉ
I am I'm
you are you're
it is it's
he is he's
will not won't
they have they've
should have should've
there is there's
you are you're
we were we're
they are they're
who is who's
ÊãÇÑíä
APOSTROPHE EXERCISES
ÇáÊãÑíä ÇáÇæá : ÈÏá ÍÑÝ ÇáÌÑ of ÈÃÓÊÎÏã s' ááÊÚÈíÑ Úä ÇáãáßíÉ EXAMPLE: the book
of the professor the professor's book1. the idea of my brother
2. the horse of the policeman
3. the canopy of my friend
4. the balloon of Mary
5. the obedience of Susan
6. the feeding of the babies
7. the lids of the cans
8. the sparkle of the lights
9. the home of my nephews
10. the car of Sue
ÇáÊãÑíä ÇáËÇäì: ÇáÇÎÊÕÇÑÇÊ
EXAMPLE: I am I'm
1. she is
2. I will
3. would not
4. where is
5. she has
6. they would
7. he has
8. they have
9. should not
10. there is
ÇáÊãÑíä ÇáËÇáË : ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáãáßíÉ ßãÇ Ýì ÇáÊãÑíä ÇáÃæá :
1. the house of my grandmother
2. the bone of my dog
3. the toys of the children
4. the edge of the paper
5. the laws of the Kings
6. the laughter of the audience
7. the ends of the hoses
8. the success of everyone
9. the determination of the players
10. the oats of the horses
............
QUOTATION MARKS
ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ
Quotation marks are used to show the beginning and end of a quotation or a title of a short work
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ÈÏÇíÉ æ äåÇíÉ áãÞæáÉ ãÚíäÉ Çæ ÚäæÇä ÚãÇ ÇÏÈì
Quotation marks enclose the exact words of a person (direct quotation)
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ áÊÍÏíÏ ßáãÇÊ ãÚíäÉ ÃÏáì ÈåÇ ÃÍÏ ÇáÃÔÎÇÕ .
EXAMPLE: Megan said, "Kurt has a red hat."
Do not use quotation marks around a paraphrase (using your own words to express the author’s ideas or a summary of the author's words
áÇ ÊÓÊÚãá ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ÚäÏ ÇáÔÑÍ – ÎÇÕÉ ÍíäãÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ßáãÇÊß ÇáÎÇÕÉ ááÊÚÈíÑ Úä ÃÝßÇÑ ÇáßÇÊÈ .
EXAMPLE: Megan said that Kurt’s hat was red.
Quotation marks set off the titles of magazine articles, poems, reports, and chapters within a book
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ÚäÏ ÈÏÇíÉ ãÞÇáÇÊ ÇáãÌáÇÊ æ ÇáÞÕÇÆÏ æ ÇáÊÞÇÑíÑ æ ÇáÝÕæá ÏÇÎá ÃÍÏ ÇáßÊÈ
(Titles of books, magazines, plays, and other whole publications should be underlined or italicized.)
æ íÌÈ Ãä ÊßÊÈ ÚäÇæíä ÇáßÊÈ æ ÇáãÌáÇÊ æ ÇáãÓÑÍíÇÊ ÈÕæÑÉ ãÇÆáÉ italics æ Ãä íæÖÚ ÊÍÊåÇ ÎØ
EXAMPLE: "The Talk of the Town" is a regular feature in Time magazine.
QUOTATION MARKS WITH OTHER PUNCTUATION Place periods and commas inside quotation marks
ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ãÚ ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊÑÞíã ÇáÃÎÑì : ÊæÖÚ ÇáÜÜcomma ÞÈá ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ æ íãßä Ãä ÊÍÊæì ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ Ýì ÏÇÎáåÇ Úáì äÞÇØPeriods æ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ Comma .
EXAMPLE: Aida said, “Aaron has a blue shirt.”
Place semicolons and colons outside quotation marks.
EXAMPLE: He calls me his "teddy bear"; I'm not a bear.
Place question marks or exclamation points inside the quotation marks if they punctuate the quotation only
ÊæÖÚ ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÊÚÌÈ Ãæ ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÇÓÊÝåÇã ÏÇÎá ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ÅÐÇ ßÇäÊ ÊÚãá Úáì ÊÑÞíã ÇáäÕ ÏÇÎá ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ÞÞØ
EXAMPLE: "Are we too late?" she asked.
Place question marks or exclamation points outside the quotation marks if they punctuate the entire sentence.
ÊæÖÚ ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÃÓÊÝåÇã æ ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÊÚÌÈ ÎÇÑÌ ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊäÕíÕ ÅÐÇ ßÇäÊ ÊÚãá Úáì ÊÑÞíã ÇáÌãáÉ ßßá
EXAMPLE: Why did she say, "We are too late"?
PARENTHESES
ÇáÃÞæÇÓ ¡ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÇÚÊÑÇÖíÉ ¡ ÇáÝÊÑÇÊ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ
Elements inside parentheses are related to the sentence but are nonessential.
Parentheses set off additions or expressions that are not necessary to the sentence. They tend to de-emphasize what they set off
ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊì ÊÞÚ Èíä ÇáÞæÓíä ÊÚÊÈÑ Úáì ÕáÉ ÈÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ æ áßäåÇ Ûíì ÖÑæÑíÉ Ò æ ÊÖíÝ ÇáÃÞæÇÓ ÅÖÇÝÇÊ Ãæ ÊÚÈíÑÇÊ áÇÊÚÊÈÑ ÖÑæÑíÉ ááÌãáÉ æ áßäåÇ ÊÚãá Úáì ÒíÇÏÉ ÇáÊÃßíÏ ááÌãá ÇáÊì ÊÖÇÝ ÅáíåÇ .
EXAMPLE: We visited several European countries (England, France, Spain) on our trip last year .
Parentheses enclose figures within a sentence.
ÊßÊÈ ÇáÃÑÞÇã ÏÇÎá ÇáÌãáÉ Èíä ÇáÃÞæÇÓ
EXAMPLE: Grades will be based on (1) participation, (2) in-class writing, and (3) exams.
When the group inside the parentheses forms a complete sentence but is inserted inside a larger sentence, no period is needed. However, if a question mark or exclamation point is needed, it may be used
ÚäÏãÇ Êßæä ãÌãæÚÉ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÏÇÎá ÇáÃÞæÇÓ ÌãáÉ ßÇãáÉ æ áßäåÇ ÊÕÈÍ ÏÇÎá ÌãáÉ ÃßÈÑ ÝáÇ ÍÇÌÉ áÝÊÑÇÊ ÝÇÕáÉ . æ Ýì ÍÇáÉ ÇáÍÇÌÉ Åáì ÃÍÏ ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊÚÌÈ Ãæ ÇáÇÓÊÝåÇã ÝáÇ ÖíÑ ãä ÇÓÊÎÏÇãåÇ .
EXAMPLE: The snow (she saw it as she passed the window) was now falling heavily.
When parentheses are used to enclose an independent sentence, the end punctuation belongs inside the parentheses.
ÚäÏ ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÃÞæÇÓ Ãæ ÇáÝÊÑÇÊ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ áßì ÊÝÕá ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ Ýì ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáãÚÞÏÉ ÝÅä äåÇíÉ ÇáÊÑÞíã ÊÊÈÚ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÇÚÊÑÇÖíÉ æ áíÓ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÇÓÇÓíÉ
EXAMPLE: Mandy told me she saw Amy’s new car. (I saw Amy’s car before Mandy.) She said it was a nice car.
DASHES
ÇáÔÑØÊíä
Dashes connect groups of words to other groups of words in order to emphasize a point or show that the information is unessential. Usually the dash separates words in the middle of a sentence from the rest of he sentence, or it leads to material at the end of the sentence
ÊÑÈØ ÇáÔÑØÊíä ãÌãæÚÉ ãÚíäÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÈÛíÑåÇ áßì ÊÄßÏ æ ÌåÉ äÙÑ Ãæ ÊæÖÍ ãÚáæãÉ ÛíÑ ÖÑæÑíÉ . æ ÚÇÏÉ ãÇ ÊÝÕá ÇáÔÑØÊíä ÇáßáãÇÊ Ýì ãäÊÕÝ ÇáÌãáÉ Úä ÈÇÞì ÇáÌãáÉ Ãæ ÊÞÏã ááãÇÏÉ Ãæ ÇáäÊíÌÉ Ýì äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ
In the middle of a sentence, a dash can put special emphasis on a
group of words or make them stand out from the rest of the sentence
Ýì ãäÊÕÝ ÇáÌãáÉ íãßä Ãä ÊÄßÏ Úáì ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÊÃßíÏÇ ãä äæÚ ÎÇÕ Ãæ ÊãííÒåÇ Úä ÈÇÞì ÇáÌãáÉ
EXAMPLE: Linda Simpson's pre******ion for the economy, lower interest rates, higher employment, and less government spending, was rejected by the president's
administration.
BECOMES: Linda Simpson's pre******ion for the economy—lower interest rates, higher employment, and less government spending—was rejected by the president's
administration.
The dash can also be used to attach material to the end of a sentence when there is a clear break in the continuity of the sentence or when an explanation is being introduced
íãßä Ãä ÊÓÊÎÏã ÃíÖÇ ÇáÔÑØÉ áßì ÊÑÈØ ßáãÉ ãÚíäÉ ÈäåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ æ Ðáß ÍíäãÇ íßæä åäÇß ÇäÝÕÇá ßÈíÑ Ýì Ýì ÝßÑÉ ÇáÌãáÉ Çæ ÌíäãÇ íÊã ÊÞÏíã ÔÑÍ ãÚíä .
EXAMPLE: The president will be unable to win enough votes for another term of office—unless , of course, he can reduce unemployment and the deficit soon.
EXAMPLE: It was a close call—the sudden gust of wind pushed the helicopter to within inches of the power line.
SEMICOLONS
ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáãäÞæØÉ
Semicolons are used to separate clauses or phrases that are related and that receive equal emphasis
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáãäÞæØÉ áßì ÊÝÕá ÇáÌãá Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ( ÃÔÈÇå ÇáÌãá ) ÇáÊì Êßæä Úáì äÝÓ ÇáÏÑÌÉ ãä ÇáÃåãíÉ Ãæ ÇáÊÃßíÏ .
Semicolons join independent clauses in a compound sentence if no coordinating conjunction is used.
ÊÑÈØ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáãäÞæØÉ ÇáÌãá ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ Ýì ÇáÌãá ÇáãÑßÈÉ Åä áã íÓÊÎÏã ÑÇÈØ ãä ÑæÇÈØ ÇáÌãá ÇáãÑßÈÉ
EXAMPLE: Michael seemed preoccupied; he answered our questions abruptly.
Semicolons are used before a conjunctive adverb (transition word) that joins the clauses of a compound sentence
ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáãäÞæØÉ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÞÈá ÇáÙÑÝ ÇáÑÇÈØ ( ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÇäÊÞÇáíÉ ) ÇáÊì ÊÑÈØ Èíä Ìãá ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáãÑßÈÉ .
EXAMPLE: The emergency room was crowded; however, Warren was helped immediately.
Semicolons help avoid confusion in lists where there are already commas
ÊÚãá ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáãäÞæØÉ Úáì ÊÌäÈ ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÝÇÕáÉcomma Ýì ÈÚÖ ÇáÇÍíÇä .
EXAMPLE: We traveled to London, England; Paris, France; Berlin, Germany; and Sofia, Bulgaria.
COLONS
ÇáäÞØÊÇä ÇáÚãæÏíÊÇä
Colons follow independent clauses and are used to call attention to the information that comes after
ÊÊÈÚ ÇáäÞØÊÇä ÇáÌãá ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ ÇáÊì ÊÓÊÎÏã áÇÓÊÑÚÇÁ ÇáÇäÊÈÇå ááãÚáæãÇÊ ÇáÊì ÊÃÊì ÈÚÏåÇ .
Colons come after the independent clause and before the word, phrase, sentence, quotation, or list it is introducing
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÃíÇ ãä ÇáäÞØÊÇä ÇáÚãæÏíÊÇä ÞÈá ÇáÌãá ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ æ ÇáÊì íÃÊì ÈÚÏåÇ ÈÚÖ ÇáßáãÇÊ Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÃÉ ÇáÌãá ÇáÊì ÊÞÏã áåÇ åÐå ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ
EXAMPLE: Joe has only one thing on his mind: girls. (word)
Joe has only one thing on his mind: the girl next door. (phrase)
Joe has only one thing on his mind: he wants to go out with Linda. (clause)
Joe has several things on his mind: his finals, his job, and Linda. (list)
Never use a colon after a verb that directly introduces a list.
INCORRECT: The things on Joe’s mind are: finals, work, and Linda.
CORRECT: The things on Joe’s mind are finals, work, and Linda.
HYPHENS
ÇáæÕáÉ Ãæ ÇáÔÑØÉ ÇáæÇÕáÉ
Hyphens are used to form compound words or join word units. They are used to join prefixes, suffixes and letters to words
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÔÑØÉ ÇáæÇÕáÉ áÊßæíä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãÑßÈÉ Ãæ æÍÏÇÊ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãÑßÈÉ æ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÃíÖÇ áÊÑÈØ Èíä ÇáÓæÇÈÞ æ ÇááæÇÍÞ æ ÇáÍÑæÝ ãä ÌåÉ æ ÇáßáãÇÊ ãä ÌåÉ ÃÎÑì
Use hyphens with compound numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine and with fractions used as modifiers
ÇÓÊÎÏã ÇáÔÑØÉ ÇáæÇÕáÉ ãÚ ÇáÃÚÏÇÏ ÇáãÑßÈÉ ÇÈÊÏÇÁ ãä 21 æ ÍÊì 99 æ ãÚ ÇáßÓæÑ .
EXAMPLE: forty-two applicants
two-thirds majority (two-thirds is an adjective modifying majority)
three-fourths empty (three-fourths is an adverb modifying empty)
two thirds of the voters (two thirds is not being used as an adjective here because thirds
is a noun being modified by two)
Use hyphens in a compound adjective only when it comes before the word it modifies
ÇÓÊÎÏã ÇáÔÑØÉ ÇáæÇÕáÉ ãÚ ÇáÕÝÇÊ ÇáãÑßÈÉ ÚäÏãÇ ÊÃÊì ÇáÕÝÉ ÝÞØ ÞÈá ÇáßáãÉ ÇáÊì ÊÕÝåÇ
However, some compound adjectives are always hyphenated, such as well-balanced. Look up compound adjectives in the dictionary if you are unsure whether or not to hyphenate them.
Úáì ÇáÑÛã ãä Ãä ÈÚÖ ÇáÕÝÇÊ ÇáãÑßÈÉ ÛÇáÈÇ ãÇ ÊÃÊì æ ÈåÇ æÇÕáÉ ãËá ÕÝÉ well-balanced Ýíãßäß ÇáÈÍË Úä ãÚäÇåÇ Ýì ÇáÞÇãæÓ ÓæÇÁ ßÇä ÈåÇ ÔÑØÉ æÇÕáÉ Ãã áÇ
EXAMPLE: a well-liked author an author who is well liked
a world-renowned composer a composer who is world renowned
Use a hyphen with the prefixes ex-, self-, and all-; with the suffix -elect; and with all prefixes before a proper noun or proper adjective
ÇÓÊÎÏã ÇáÔÑØÉ ÇáæÇÕáÉ ãÚ ÇáÓæÇÈÞ æ ÇááÇæÇÍÞ ÇáÊÇáíÉ prefixes ex-, self-, and all-; with the suffix -elect; æ ÎÇÕÉ ãÚ ÇáÓæÇÈÞ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ ÚäÏãÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ãÚ ÇÓã Ãæ ÕÝÉ ÎÇÕÉ : .
EXAMPLE: all-star ex-mayor pro-Canadian senator-elect
COMMAS
ÇáÝÇÕáÉ
Commas are used to separate parts of a sentence. They tell readers to pause between words or groups of words, and they help clarify the meanings of sentences.
Commas are used to separate three or more words, phrases, or clauses in a series.
ÊÓÊÚãá ÇáÝÇÕáÉ áÊÝÕá Èíä ÃÌÒÇÁ ÇáÌãáÉ . Ýåì ÊÎÈÑ ÇáÞÇÑÆ ÈÇä íÊæÞÝ Èíä ÇáßáãÇÊ Ãæ ÇáãÌãæÚÇÊ Ýåì ÊÓÇÚÏ Úáì ÊæÖíÍ ãÚäì ÇáÌãáÉ
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ Èíä ËáÇË ßáãÇÊ Çæ ÚÈÇÑÇÊ Çæ ÌãáÉ Çæ ÇßËÑ ãÊÑÊÈØÉ Ýì ÓáÓÉ ÏÇÎá ÌãáÉ
EXAMPLE: Practice will be held before school, in the afternoon, and at night.
Commas are used after an introductory dependent clause (a group of words before the subject of a sentence that do not form a complete sentence).
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÈÚÏ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÊÞÏíãíÉ ÇáÊÇÈÚÉ
EXAMPLE: If your friends enjoy Chinese food, they will love this restaurant.
Commas are used to set off introductory words, introductory adverbial, participial, or infinitive phrases and longer introductory prepositional phrases.
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÈÚÏ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÇÝÊÊÇÍíÉ Ãæ ÇáÙÑæÝ Ã æÇáÌãá ÇáãÕÏÑíÉ Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÙÑÝíÉ ÇáÊÞÏíãíÉ .
EXAMPLE: Incidentally, I was not late this morning. (word)
Hoping for a bigger fish, Rob spent three more hours fishing. (phrase)
Commas are used between independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but or, yet, so).
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ Èíä ÇáÌãá ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ ÇáÊì íÑÈØ ÈÃÍÏ ÇáÑæÇÈØ ÇáÊÇáíÉ : (for, and, nor, but or, yet, so
EXAMPLE: My dog had fleas, so we gave him a bath.
Commas set off nonessential phrases or clauses.
ÊÃÊì ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ãÚ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÃÉ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÛíÑ ãåãÉ
EXAMPLE: The man, I think, had a funny laugh.
Commas set off an appositive (a word or phrase that renames a noun).
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ãÚ ÇáÏÈá ÇáãØÇÈÞ ¡ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ áæÕÝ ÔÎÕ ãÚíä
EXAMPLE: Tanya, Debbie's sister, gave a brilliant speech last night.
END OF SENTENCE PUNCTUATION
ÚáÇãÇÊ ÇáÊÑÞíã Ýì äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ
End of sentence punctuation is used to let the reader know when a thought is finished.
A statement (or declarative sentence) is followed by a period.
Ýì äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÎÈÑíÉ äÓÊÎÏã ÇáäÞØÉ
EXAMPLE: Orem is the home of Utah Valley State College.
A direct question (or interrogative sentence) is followed by a question mark.
ÝÉ äåÇíÉ ÇáÓÄÇá ÇáãÈÇÔÑ äÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÇÓÊÝåÇã
EXAMPLE: When did Joe buy a red shirt?
Do not use a question mark after a declarative sentence that contains an indirect question.
áÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÇÓÊÝåÇã Ýì äåÇíÉ ÌãáÉ ÎÈÑíÉ ÊÍÊæì Úáì ÓÄÇá ÛíÑ ãÈÇÔÑ
EXAMPLE: Marie wants to know when Joe bought a red shirt.
An exclamatory sentence is followed by an exclamation point.
ÊÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÊÚÌÈ Ýì äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãá ÇáÊÚÌÈíÉ
EXAMPLE:
What a good movie!
Use exclamation marks sparingly because they can unnecessarily exaggerate sentences.
ÇÓÊÎÏã ÚáÇãÉ ÇáÊÚÌÈ Úáì äÍæ ÖíÞ áÇäåÇ íãßä Çä ÊÍÏË ãÈÇáÛÇÊ ÛíÑ ãÑÛæÈ ÝíåÇ
EXAMPLE: Monet was the most influential painter of his time!
.........
åÐÇ ÇáãæÖæÚ Úä ßíÝíÉ ßÊÇÈÉ ÇáÝÞÑÉ The Paragraph ÈÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ íÚÇáÌ åÐÇ ÇáäÞÕ æ íØæÑå Åáì ÍÏ ÇáÅÍÊÑÇÝ .
ãÇ åæ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ¿
What is a Paragraph ?
A paragraph consists of several sentences that are grouped together. This group of sentences together discuss one main subject. In formal academic English, paragraphs have three principal parts. These three parts are the topic sentence, body sentences, and the concluding sentence
.
íÊßæä ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ãä ãä ÚÏÏ ãä ÇáÌãá íÊÑÇæÍ ÚÇÏÉ ãä 8 Åáì 12 ÌãáÉ æ áßä íãßä Ãä íäÞÕ Ãæ íÒíÏ . íäÇÞÔ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÝßÑÉ æÇÍÏÉ ÝÞØ . æ Ýì ÇááÛÉ ÇÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÇáÑÓãíÉ íÊßæä ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ãä ËáÇËÉ ÃÌÒÇÁ ÑÆíÓíÉ æ åì :
1- ÌãáÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ - ÇáãÞÏãÉ .
2- ÇáæÓØ - æ ÇáÊì ÊÔÑÍ ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ .
3- ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ .
ãáÍæÙÉ åÇãÉ : Ýì Ãæá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ íÌÈ Ãä Êßæä åäÇß ãÓÇÝÉ ÎÇáíÉ ÊÓãìIndentation áÊÔíÑ Åáì ÈÏÇíÉ ÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÌÏíÏ .
1- ÌãáÉ ÇáãÞÏãÉ . The Topic Sentence
A topic sentence usually comes at the beginning of a paragraph; that is, it is usually the first sentence in a formal academic paragraph. Not only is a topic sentence the first sentence of a paragraph, but, more importantly, it is the most general sentence in a paragraph. What does "most general" mean? It means that there are not many details in the sentence, but that the sentence introduces an overall idea that you want to discuss later in the paragraph
.
ÚÇÏÉ ãÇ ÊÃÊì ÌãáÉ ÇáãÞÏãÉ Ýì Ãæá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ¡ Ãì ÃäåÇ Ãæá ÌãáÉ Ýíå . æ åì Ãåã Ìãá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÅÐ ÃäåÇ ÊÈáæÑ ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÃÓÇÓíÉ ááãæÖæÚ æ ÊØÑÍåÇ Ïæä ãäÇÞÔÉ . æ áßä íÊã ÊØæíÑåÇ æ ãäÇÞÔÊåÇ Ýíã ÈÚÏ .
For example
the coloured sentence in the following paragraph is the " The Topic Sentence
. "
ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáãáæäÉ Ýì ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÇáÊÇáì ÊÔíÑ Åáì ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
2- ÇáãäÊÕÝ - ÌÓã ÇáãæÖæÚ The Body
They come after the topic sentence, making up the body of a paragraph
.
ÈÚÏ ÌãáÉ ÇáãÞÏãÉ ÊÃÊì Ìãá ÇáãäÇÞÔÉ ãÈÇÔÑÉ áÊßæä ÌÓã ÇáãæÖæÚ
They give details to develop and support the main idea of the paragraph
.
æÊÚãá åÐå ÇáÌãá Úáì ÔÑÍ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÑíÆÓíÉ Ýì ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ
.
Whenever possible, you should include enough details in your paragraphs to help your reader understand exactly what you are writing about
.
æ íÌÈ Ãä ÊÏÚã ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÑíÆÓíÉ ÈÇáÊÝÇÕíá ÇáÊì ÊÓÇÚÏ ÇáÞÇÑÆ áÝåã ãÇ ÊÕÈæ Åáíå ãÈÇÔÑÉ .
There are many ways to develop your paragraph
:
åäÇß ÚÏÉ ØÑÞ áÏÚã Ãæ ãäÇÞÔÉ ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑíÆÓíÉ Ýì ÇáÈÑäÇãÌ :
1- Through details
1- Úä ØÑíÞ ÇáÊÝÇÕíá .
2- Through Examples
2- ãä ÎáÇá ÇáÃãËáÉ .
3- Through Incidents
3- ãä ÎáÇá ÑæÇíÉ Ãæ - Íßì ÇÞÕæÕÉ Ãæ ÞÕÉ
For example :
the coloured sentences in the following paragraph is the " The Supporting Details
"."
ÇáÌãá ÇáãáæäÉ Ýì ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì ÊÔíÑ Åáì ÌÓã - ãäÊÕÝ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÈÍíË Êã ãäÇÞÔÉ ÇáÝßÑÉ ÇáÑÆíÓíÉ ãä ÎáÇá ÇáÃãËáÉ .
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live.
3- ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ The Concluding - Clincher Sentence
In formal paragraphs you will sometimes see a sentence at the end of the paragraph which summarizes the information that has been presented. This is the concluding sentence. You can think of a concluding sentence as a sort of topic sentence in reverse
.
Ýì ÈÚÖ ÇáÃÍíÇä ÊÌÏ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ æ åì ãáÎÕ ßÇãá ááãÚáæãÇÊ ÇáãÐßæÑÉ Ýì ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ãÐßæÑÉ æ áßä Ýì ÕæÑÉ ÃÎÑì . Ãì ÃäåÇ ÊãËá ÊáÎíÕÇ ááÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ . Ãæ ÈãÚäì ÂÎÑ ¡ åì ØÑíÞÉ ÃÎÑì ááÊÚÈíÑ Úä ÌãáÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ Ãæ ÇáãÞÏãÉ .
for example :
the coloured sentences in the following paragraph is the " The Concluding - Clincher Sentence
. "
ÇáÌãá ÇáãáæäÉ Ýì ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì ÊÔíÑ Åáì ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÎÊÇãíÉ .
There are three reasons why Canada is one of the best countries in the world. First, Canada has an excellent health care system. All Canadians have access to medical services at a reasonable price. Second, Canada has a high standard of education. Students are taught by well-trained teachers and are encouraged to continue studying at university. Finally, Canada's cities are clean and efficiently managed. Canadian cities have many parks and lots of space for people to live. As a result, Canada is a desirable place to live
.
ßÇä åÐÇ ÚÑÖ ãÌãá æ ÓÑíÚ áÃÌÒÇÁ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ æ Ýì ÇáÏÑæÓ ÇáÞÇÏãÉ Åä ÔÇÁ Çááå ÓäÊÚÑÝ Úáì ßÊÇÈÉ ßá ÌÒÁ ãäåÇ áÅÎÑÇÌ ÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ããíÒ .
This was a rapid outline of the parts of a paragraph . In the coming lessons , Inshallah we will know how to develop each part to present a unique paragraph
........
Paragraph unity
æÍÏÉ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ
A unified paragraph is one that focuses on one idea and one idea only. Look at the following example of a paragraph that lacks unity.
ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ Ðæ ÇáæÍÏÉ ÇáæÇÍÏÉ åæ Ðáß ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÇáÐì íäÇÞÔ ÝßÑÉ æÇÍÏÉ ¡ Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá ÇäÙÑ Åáì ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì áåÐ ÇÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÇáÐì ÊäÞÕÉ ÇáæÍÏÉ .
Moving out of my parents' house and into an apartment didn't bring me the uncomplicated joy that I had expected. First of all, I had to struggle to make the rent every month, and the landlord was much less understanding than my parents. Then I realized I had to do my own laundry, clean up the place now and then, and fix my own meals. One nice thing about my mother is that she is an excellent ****. She even attended a French *****ng school before she married my father. It's true that I liked the greater freedom I had in my apartment—no one constantly asking me what time I'd be home, no one nagging me about cleaning up my room or raking the front lawn—but I wasn't thrilled with spending most of a Saturday getting rid of a cockroach infestation, or Sunday night doing three loads of smelly laundry.
Notice how the colored sentences interrupt the flow of the paragraph, which is really about the down side of leaving home and not about the writer's mother.
áÇÍÙ ßíÝ ÊÚãá åÐå ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáãáæäÉ Úáì ÊÔÊíÊ ÊÊÇÈÚ ÇáÌãáæ ÊÓáÓáåÇ ÏÇÎá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÝáÇ ÚáÇÞÉ áãæÖæÚ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÈæÕÝ æÇáÏÉ ßÇÊÈ åÐÇ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ
Paragraph coherence
ãäØÞíÉ ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ .
Along with developing a single idea, a paragraph should be well organized. You can use many of the same principles—chronology, inductive and deductive patterns, and so on—that you use to organize complete essays.
ÊÊÓÇæì ÃåãíÉ Ãä íßæä ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ãäÇÞÔÇ áÝßÑÉ æÇÍÏÉ ãÚ ßæäå ãäÙãÇ æ ÈãÚäì ÂÎÑ íßæä ÇáÅäÊÞÇá ÓáÓÇ æ ãäØÞíÇ Èíä ÇáÌãá . ÈãÚäì ÅÑÊÈÇØ ßá ÌãáÉ ÈãÇ ÞÈáåÇ æ ÊãåÏ áãÇ ÈÚÏåÇ ¡ æ áßì íÊÍÞÞ åÐÇ ÇáÇãÑ ÍÇæá Ãä ÊßÊÈ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÌÏíÏÉ ÏÇÎá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ æ ÈÍíË Êßæä ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ Ýì Ðåäß .
Once you've decided on the order of your details, make sure the connections between sentences in the paragraph are clear. The smooth, logical flow of a paragraph is called paragraph coherence. Write each sentence with the previous one in mind.
æ áßì íÓåá Úáíß ÊÍÞíÞ ÇáÃãÑíä ÇáÓÇÈÞíä Úáíß ÈãÇ íáì :
Connecting with words and phrases
ÇáÑÈØ ÝíãÇ Èíä ÇáÌãá æ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ
Achieving paragraph coherence by connecting ideas is your first step
. .
áßì íÊÍÞÞ ÇáÊÑÇÈØ æ ÇáÊãÇÓß ÇáãäØÞì ÏÇÎá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ íÌÈ Ãä ÊÑÈØ ãÇ Èíä ÇáÃÝßÇÑ æ ÇáÊì ÊãËá ÇáÎØæÉ ÇáÃæáì æ áÊÍÞíÞ Ðáß ÇäÊÈå ÌíÏÇ áãÇ íáì :
Use a pronoun whose antecedent appears in the previous sentence.
1- ÇÓÊÎÏã ÃÍÏ ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÝÇÚá ÇáãäÇÓÈÉ áÊÔíÑ Åáì ÇáÇÓã Ýì ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ . áÇÍÙ ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì :
Gabriel Garcia Marquez suspends the laws of reality in his novels. He creates bizarre and even magical situations that reveal character in surprising ways.
*
Repeat a *** word or phrase.
2- ÍÇæá ÊßÑÇÑ ÇáßáãÇÊ Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáãÍæÑíÉ ÇáåÇãÉ Ýì ÇáÌãáÉ . áÇÍÙ ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì :
The idea of a perfect society, though never realized, continues to intrigue political philosophers. None of these philosophers seem to agree on where perfection lies.
Use a synonym.
3- ÍÇæá ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ãÑÇÏÝÇÊ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÞÏÑ ÇáÅãßÇä ¡ áÇÍÙ ÇáãËÇá ÇáÊÇáì :
According to my research, physical beauty is still considered a more important asset for women than for men. Looks are everything, according to several girls I spoke to, while the boys I interviewed felt that their athletic prowess and social status were at least as important as their appearance.
*
Use word patterns, such as first, second, third, and so on.
4- ÍÇæá ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÊÑÊíÈíÉ æ ÇáÊì ÊÏá Úáì ÇáÊÊÇáì æ ÇáÊÑÇÈØ Ýì Ìãá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ ÇáÊÇáíÉ ãËá : first, second, third, and so on.
The reasons for the dean's announcing his decision today are clear. First, students will recognize that he is listening to their concerns. Second, faculty will applaud the end of a disruptive period of indecision. Third, wealthy and influential alumni—though not particularly pleased by all the details of the plan—will be overjoyed that the controversy will be off the front page of the paper.
*
Use transitional words and phrases. Many words and phrases signal connections between sentences in a paragraph or between paragraphs in a paper. Look at the colored words in the following sentences
.
5- ÍÇæá ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÅäÊÞÇáíÉ ÇáÊì ÊÑÈØ ãÇ Èíä ÇáÌãá ÏÇÎá ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝ æ Èíä ÇáÈÑÇÌÑÇÝÇÊ Ýì ÇáãÞÇá ¡ áÇÍÙ ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáãáæäÉ Ýì ÇáäÕ ÇáÊÇáì :
The main character worships her. Later, his adoration turns to hatred.
o
She treated him well. For example, she bought him a car and new clothes.
o
The product promised he'd grow new hair. But all he grew was a rash.
o
Hamlet disdained Ophelia. As a result, she killed herself.
o
Elizabeth was angry at Darcy. In fact, she wanted nothing to do with him.
o
The plan is too expensive. Furthermore, it won't work.
o
No one volunteered to help. In other words, no one cared.
In the preceding examples, the colored words or phrases explicitly connects the second sentence to the first by creating a particular relationship. Vary the transitional words you use
.
Ýì ÇáÃãËáÉ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ : ÊÑÈØ ÇáßáãÇÊ æ ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáãáæäÉ ÈæÖæÍ Èíä ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÃæáì æ ÇáËÇäíÉ Úä ØÑíÞ ÊæÖíÍ äãØ ÇáÚáÇÞÉ ÈíäåÇ . æ åäÇß ÃäæÇÚ ßËíÑÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÅäÊÞÇáíÉ : Following is a list of words classified according to the relationships they suggest
.
æ ÝíãÇ íáì ÇáßáãÇÊ ÇáÅäÊÞÇáíÉ ãÕäÝÉ Ýì ãÌÇáÇÊ æÇÖÍÉ :
1- ÇáæÞÊ æ ÇáãßÇä .
Time or place: above, across from, adjacent to, afterward, before, behind, below, beyond, earlier, elsewhere, farther on, here, in the distance, near by, next to, opposite to, to the left, to the right
2- ÇáÊãËíá æ ÅÚØÇÁ ÇáÃãËáÉ .
Example: for example, for instance, specifically, to be specific
3- ÇáäÊÇÞÖ .
Contrast: but, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand
4- ÇáÊÔÇÈå .
Similarity: similarly, in the same way, equally important
5- ÇáäÊÇÆÌ ÇáãÊÑÊÈÉ Úáì ÈÚÖåÇ
Consequence: accordingly, as a result, consequently, therefore
6- ÇáÊÃßíÏ .
Emphasis: indeed, in fact, of course
7- ÇáÅÓåÇÈ Ãæ ÇáÊæßíÏ
Amplification: and, again, also, further, furthermore, in addition, moreover, too
8 - ÅÚÇÏÉ ÇáÔÑÍ
Restatement: in other words, more simply stated, that is, to clarify
9- ÇáÎÊÇã æ ÇáÊáÎíÕ .
Summary and conclusion: altogether, finally, in conclusion, in short, to summarize
.......
Subject - Verb Agreement
ÇáÅÊÝÇÞ ãÇ Èíä ÇáÝÇÚá æ ÇáÝÚá .
íÚÊÈÑ åÐÇ ÇáãæÖæÚ ãä ÃÔÏ ÇáãæÖæÚÇÊ ÃåãíÉ Ýì ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æ ÎÇÕÉ áÛíÑ ÇáäÇØÞíä ÈÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ æ ÇáÐíä íÊÍÏËæä ÈåÇ ßáÛÉ ËÇäíÉ æ Åä ÔÇÁ Çááå ì åÐÇ ÇáÏÑÓ ääÇÞÔ ÈÚÖ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ æ äÊÚÑÖ ÈÔÆ ãä ÇáÊÝÕíá áåÐå ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáÊì ÞáãÇ íäÊÈå áåÇ ÇáãÊÚáãíä.
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