ãÔßææÑÉ ÇáãæÞÚ æÇÇíÏ Íáæ
ÇáÓáÜÂÂã Úáíßã
.. ÏÇÎá åÐÇ ÇáÑÇÈØ ãæÌæÏ ãáÎÕ áßá ÇáÌÑÇãÑ ãÚÇ ÇáÔÑÍ æÅÚØÇÁ ÃãËáÉ ..
Parts of Speech ÃÞÓÇã ÇáßáÇã
::: ÝãÇä Çááå :::
ÇáÚÝææ ÇÎÊíåÜ ãÑæÑÌ ÇáÍáææãÔßææÑÉ ÇáãæÞÚ æÇÇíÏ Íáæ
ÇÐÇ ÊÓãÍíáí ÇÎÊí ÇáßÑíãÉ ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ
æÔßÑÇ ÌÒíáÇ áß
ÇÑÌæ áÇ ÊÍÒäí ÝÇäÇ ÇÑíÏ ÝÞØ ÇáãÓÇÚÏÉ
ÌÒíÊ ÎíÑÇ
æÇÐÇ ÊÓãÍíáí ãÑÉ ËÇäíÉ
ÈÇä ÇÖíÝ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÞæÇÚÏ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÇäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÃæá : ÊÑßíÈ ÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ
ÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ßãÇ åæ ãÚÑæÝ ÊÊßæä ãä ËáÇË ÃÔíÇÁ ÑÆíÓíÉ :
Subject ...ÇáÝÇÚá
Verb ..ÇáÝÚá
Object ÇáãÝÚæá Èå
æÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáØáÈÉ æÇáØÇáÈÇÊ íÎØÆä Ýí åÐÇ ÇáÊÑßíÈ ÇáÐí áÇíÊÛíÑ Ýåæ ÞÇÚÏÉ ËÇÈÊÉ
ãËÇá Úáì Ðáß :
They study geography ,,,,,,,,åã íÏÑÓæä ÇáÌÛÑÇÝíÇ
They ......Subject
study....Verb
geography...Object
ÅÐÇ ÅÊÈÚäÇ ÇáÊÑÊíÈ ÇáÕÍíÍ
ÃæáÇ ..S
ËÇäíÇ ..V
ËÇáËÇ ....O
ÇáßËíÑæä íÎØÄæä æíÑÊÈæÇ ÇáÌãáÉ ÍÓÈ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ
ÝíÞæáæä ãËáÇ:
Study they geography
ÅÐÇ ãä ÇáÎØà Ãä äÈÏà ÈÇáÝÚá Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ßãÇ Ýí ÇáÚÑÈí
Ýßá áÛÉ áåÇ ÞæÇÚÏåÇ ÇáÎÇÕÉ ÈåÇ ..
æÇáÌãáÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÍÊã æÖÚ ÇáÝÇÚá ÃæáÇ Ëã ÇáÝÚá Ëã ÇáãÝÚæá Èå ..
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáËÇäí : ÇáÖãÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÇÆÑ
Pronouns
Ýí ÇáÈÏÇíÉ áÇÈÏ Ãä äÚÑÝ ãÇåæ ÇáÖãíÑ (pronoun) ¿
ÇáÖãíÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ..( ßáãÉ ÊÍá ãÍá Ãæ ÊÃÊí ÈÏíáÇ á ÅãÇ ÇáÅÓã Noun)) Ãæ ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ ÇáÅÓãíÉ (Noun phrase).
ãËÇá
Samia eats apple
áæ ÃÑÏäÇ ÅÓÊÈÏÇá ÅÓã ÓÇãíÉ ÈÖãíÑ ÇáÃäËì ÊÕÈÍ
She eats apple
#æááÖãÇÆÑ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÓÚÉ ÃäæÇÚ ÓäÔÑÍåÇ ÔÑÍÇ æÇÝíÇ#
ÃæáÇ : ÖãÇÆÑ ÅÓã ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ Demostrative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã ÝíåÇ ÃÏæÇÊ ÇáÅÔÇÑÉ
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ÚÏÉ ÖãÇÆÑæåí :
(this/that/these/those/such)
̋臃
That is incredible!
I will never forget this
Such is my belief
ËÇäíÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ Personal pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊãËá ÃÔÎÇÕ Ãæ ÃÔíÇÁ
æåí ÊäÞÓã ÞÓãíä
ÅãÇ ÃæáÇ * ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍá ãÍá ÇáÝÇÚá Ãæ ãä ÝÚá ÇáÝÚá
Ãæ åí ÇáÊí ÊÓÈÞ ÇáÝÚá Subject personal pronouns
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊåÇ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ #
I, you ,he , she , it , we
I , he , she , it åÐå ÊÓÊÎÏã ááãÝÑÏ
We ÊÓÊÎÏã ááÌãÚ
You ÊÓÊÎÏã Ýí ßáÊÇ ÇáÍÇáÊíä ãÝÑÏ æÌãÚ
̋臃
She took the bus last night
He is aschool boy .
We are Muslims .
I stayed at home.
You need another blanket.
.
ËÇäíÇ * ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÔÎÕíÉ ÇáÊí ÊÍá ãÍá ÇáãÝÚæá Èå
Ãæ åí ÇáÊí ÊÃÊí ÈÚÏ ÇáÝÚá æÇáÝÇÚá Object personal pronouns
æåí äÝÓ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ áßä ãÍæáÉ Åáì ÖíÛÉ ÇáãÝÚæá Èå áÃäåÇ ÊÓÊÎÏã ÈÏÇáå
æåí
Me ,you , him , her ,it , us
̋臃
John took it
Umar gave me abook
We sent you a letter.
He adores her.
I saw it with my own eyes.
They have just invited us to their wedding.
We went with him.
ËÇáËÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáãáßíÉ Possesive pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ ÇáãáßíÉ Ãæ ãáßíÉ ÔíÁ ãÚíä áÔÎÕ Ãæ ãÇÅáì Ðáß
æíäÏÑÌ ÊÍÊ åÐÇ ÇáäæÚ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ #
Mine , yours ,his , hers , ours , yours , theirs
̋臃
This book is mine.
This pencil case is yours.
Mary is a relative of his.
I've found hers.
Ours need watering.
Yours are bigger than mine.
These are your notebooks and those are theirs.
ÑÇÈÚÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÅäÚßÇÓíÉ Reflexisive pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÔíÑ Åáì ÇáÝÇÚá æÊäÚßÓ Úáíå æÊÕÇÛ Úä ØÑíÞ ÅÖÇÝÉ Self ááãÝÑÏ Ãæ selves ááÌãÚ Åáì ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÇáíÉ #
my, your, our, him, her, it, them
ÝÊÕÈÍ
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves̋臃
She made this skirt herself
The queen herself was among the demostrators.
The mayor himself spoke for the abolition of the dealth penalty.
ÎÇãÓÇ# ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÇÓÊÝåÇãíÉ Interrogative pronouns
æåí ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã Ýí ÕíÛÉ ÇáÃÓÆáÉ Ãæ áÝÑÖ ÓÄÇá ãÚíä æåí ÇáÊí ÊÈÏÃ È Wh
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí :
what, which, who, whom, and whose. ̋臃 / Examples
What did you say?
ãÇÐÇ ÞáÊ ¿
Who said that?
ãä ÇáÐí ÞÇá Ðáß ¿
Which do you prefer?
ãÇ áÐí ÊÝÖáå¿
æåßÐÇ ...
ÓÇÏÓÇ #ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáäÝí Ãæ ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáãäÝíÉ Negative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÓÊÎÏã áäÝí ÇáÚÈÇÑÉ Ãæ ÇáÌãáÉ ÇáÇÓãíÉ
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí
no-one, nobody, neither, none and nothing̋臃
áÇ íæÌÏ Nobody is here .
She is neither a British nor American :
åí áíÓÊ ÈÑíØÇäíÉ æáÇ ÃãÑíßíÉ
ÓÇÈÚÇ # ñÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáÊÈÇÏáíÉ Reciprocal pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÝíÏ æÊÔíÑ Åáì ÊÈÇÏá ÔíÁ ãÚíä Èíä ÔÎÕíä
æåÐå ÇáÖãÇÆÑ åí :
each other / one anotherãËÇá :
áæ ßÊÈ ÎÇáÏ Åáì ÃÎÊå ÓÇãíÉ ÑÓÇáÉ æßÐáß ßÊÈÊ ÓÇãíÉ ÑÓÇáÉ Åáì ÃÎíåÇ ÎÇáÏ äÞæá ÅÐÇ
They write to each other / one another once a month.
ßáÇåãÇ ÕÍíÍ ..
ËÇãäÇ# ÖãÇÆÑ ÇáæÕá
Relative pronouns
æåí ÇáÊí ÊÑÈØ ãÌãæÚÉ ãä ÇáßáãÇÊ ÈÃÓãÇÁ ãÚíäÉ Ãæ ÖãÇÆÑ ÃÎÑì
æåí :
(who/whoever/which/that)ÇãËáÉ :
The student who studies hardest usually does the best
ÇáØÇáÈÉ ÇáÊí ÊÏÑÓ ÌíÏÇ åí ÇáÊí ÊÞÏã ÇáÃÝÖá ÚÇÏÉ .
ÊÇÓÚÇ æÃÎíÑÇ # ÇáÖãÇÆÑ ÇáßãíÉ Quantifier æåí ÊÝíÏ ÇáßãíÉ æÇáãÞÏÇÑ
æåí :
some, any, something, much, many, little, few , a lot ̋臃
I have few literary books.
ÃäÇ Ããáß ÈÚÖ ßÊÈ ÇáÃÏÈ
They like orange so much
åã íÍÈæä ÇáÈÑÊÞÇá ßËíÑÇ
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáËÇáË : ÇáÃÓãÇÁ
(Nouns)
ãáÇÍÙÉ / ÃÍÈÇÆí äÙÑÇ áÃä ÇáÏÑÓ Ôæí Øæíá áÐáß ÞÓãÊå Úáì ÌÒÃíä
ãÇåæ ÇáÇÓã ¿What is a noun ?
ÇáÇÓã Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ åæ : ÇÓã ÔÎÕ (person) Ãæ ÔíÁ (a thing) Ãæ ãßÇä ( a place ) Ãæ ÇÓã ÍíæÇä (an animal ) Ãæ ÝßÑÉ ( an idea ) æÃí ÔíÁ íãßä Ãä íÓãì íØáÞ Úáíå ÅÓã Ãí ( Noun ) .
æíÌÈ Ãä äÚÑÝ ÏæãÇ Ýí ÍÇá æÌæÏ A/an/the ÞÈá ßáãÉ ãÚíäÉ ÝåÐÇ íÚäí Ãä ãÇ ÈÚÏåÇ ãÈÇÔÑÉ åæ ÅÓã (Noun).
ÊÚÇáæÇ ãÚÇ äÔÇåÏ ÈÚÖ ÇáÃãËáÉ Úáì ÇáÃÓãÇÁ (Nouns) :
dog, cats, women, Sally, justice, strength, departure, apples, England, California, Steve Young, mice, school, beach, kindness, food
ØíÈ ÊÚÇáæÇ äÔæÝ ÃãËáÉ Ýí Ìãá Úáì ÇáÃÓãÇÁ æÑÇÍ äØÈÞ ÇáÊÚÑíÝ Úáíåã:1. Sahar and Nora made a cake.
ÓÍÑ æäæÑÉ ÞÇãæÇ ÈÚãá ßíßÉ .
(ÃÓãÇÁ ÃÔÎÇÕ +ÔíÁ)
2. The moon is far away from the earth.
ÇáÞãÑ íÈÚÏ Úä ÇáÃÑÖ.
(ÃÓãÇÁ ÃãÇßä)
3. His kindness was appreciated.
áÞÏ ßÇä áØÝå ãÓÊÍÓäÇ.
(ÅÓã ÝßÑÉ )
4. The plane will depart in twenty minutes.
ÓÊÞáÚ ÇáØÇÆÑÉ ÈÚÏ ÚÔÑæä ÏÞíÞÉ.
(ÅÓã ÔíÁ)
# ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÇÓã ÇáÍÓí æÇáÇÓã ÇáãÌÑÏ (ÇáãÚäæí):Concrete & abstract nouns
(concrete N) ÇáÇÓã ÇáÍÓí
åæ ÅÓã ÇáÔÎÕ Ãæ ÇáãßÇä Ãæ ÇáÔíÁ ÇáÐí ÊÓÊØíÚ ÅÏÑÇßå ÈÍÇÓÉ Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÍæÇÓß ÇáÎãÓ .
õExamples:
honey>>>>>>>ÚÓá
pillows>>>>>>>>æÓÇÏÇÊ
fish>>>>>>>>>Óãß
juice>>>>>>>>>ÚÕíÑ ÅÐÇ ßá åÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ äÓÊØíÚ ÅÏÑÇßåÇ ÈÍÇÓÉ Ãæ ÃßËÑ ãä ÍÇÓÉ ãä ÇáÍæÇÓ ÇáÎãÓ ÓæÇÁ ÈÇáäÙÑ Ãæ ÇáÔã Ãæ ÇáÊÐæÞ ........ÅáÎ
# ÇáÇÓã ÇáãÌÑÏ (ÇáãÚäæí )
Abstract N
æåæ Ãí ÅÓã ÛíÑ ãÍÓæÓ æáÇíãßä áãÓå ÈÇáÍæÇÓ : ãËá ÇáãÔÇÚÑ æÇáÕÝÇÊ æÇáãÒÇíÇ æÇáÃÝßÇÑ Ãí ÃÔíÇÁ ãÚäæíÉ
Examples/ ̋臃
Thought>>>>>>>>ÝßÑÉ
Wisdom>>>>>>>>ÍßãÉ
Freedom>>>>>>>>ÇáÍÑíÉ
Creativity>>>>>>>ÇáÇÈÊßÇÑ
ÊÚÇáæÇ äÔæÝ ÃãËáÉ Ýí Ìãá :
. I could smell dinner XXXXXng.
(Concrete N ) ÃÓÊØíÚ Ôã Øåæ ÇáÛÏÇÁ
I don't have much knowledge on the subject, Professor.
(abstract N) áíÓÊ ÚäÏí Ãí ÎáÝíÉ Ãæ Úáã Úä ÇáãæÖæÚ íÇÈÑæÝÓæÑ
# ÇáÂä äÔæÝ ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÇÓã ÇáÎÇÕ æÇáÚÇã
Proper & common NounsÃæáÇ : ÇáÇÓã ÇáÎÇÕ
Proper N
æåæ ÇáÇÓã ÇáÐí íãËá ÔÎÕ ãÚíä Ãæ ãßÇä ãÚíä Ãæ ÔíÁ ãÚíä . æåæ ÏÇÆãÇ íßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ . æáæ äáÇÍÙ Ãä ÃÓãÇÁ ÃíÇã ÇáÃÓÈæÚ æÇáÔåæÑ æÇáãäÇÓÈÇÊ ÇáÊÇÑíÎíÉ æÇáãÚÇåÏ æÇáãäÙãÇÊ æÇáÏíÇäÇÊ ßáåÇ ÊÚÊÈÑ ÃÓãÇÁ ÎÇÕÉ æÊßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ (ÃÞÕÏ Ãæá ÍÑÝ ãä ÇáßáãÉ ) .
Examples/ ̋臃
Nora äæÑÉ
Ramadan ÑãÖÇä
Friday íæã ÇáÌãÚÉ
Christianity ÇáãÓíÍíÉ
Islam ÇáÅÓáÇã
ÇáÍÑÈ ÇáÚÇáãíÉ ÇáÃæáìFirst World War
I will go with Sara tomorrow .
æåÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ßãÇ ÞáÊ ÊßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ ÓæÇÁ ßÇäÊ Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ Ãæ æÓØ Ãæ ÂÎÑ ÇáÌãáÉ.
# ÇáÇÓã ÇáÚÇã
Common Nounåæ ÚßÓ ÇáÇÓã ÇáÎÇÕ ÊãÇãÇ Ýí ßá ÔíÁ Ýåæ ÇáÇÓã ÇáÐí íÚæÏ Åáì ÔÎÕ Ãæ ãßÇä ÃæÔí ÚãæãÇ æáíÓ Úáì æÌå ÇáÎÕæÕ . ÚÇÏÉ åÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÊßÊÈ ÈÏÇíÇÊåÇ ÈÍÑÝ ÕÛíÑ ãÇÚÏÇ Ýí ÍÇáÉ æÇÍÏÉ ÅÐÇ ßÇäÊ Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ ÊßÊÈ ÈÇáÍÑÝ ÇáßÈíÑ .
Examples/ ̋臃
This woman is my sister .
åÐå ÇáÅãÑÃÉ åí ÃÎÊí .
This is my leader .
åÐÇ åæ ÞÇÆÏí .
# ÕíÛÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ æÇáÌãÚ Ýí ÇáÇÓã :
Plural & singular forms
ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÚÇÏÉ Êßæä ÈØÈíÚÊåÇ ãÝÑÏÉ áßä ÅÐÇ ÃÑÏäÇ Ãä äÌÚáåÇ Ýí ÕíÛÉ ÇáÌãÚ äÖíÝ áåÇ
S Ãæ es
ãËÇá :
Friend ãÝÑÏ
Friends ÌãÚ ÍÓÈ äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ Ýßá ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÍíäãÇ äÑíÏ ÌãÚÇ äÖíÝ
S
Ýí äåÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ ãÇÚÏÇ ÅÐÇ ßÇäÊ ÇáßáãÉ Ãæ ÇáÇÓã ãäÊåíÇ ÈÅÍÏì ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáÊÇáíÉ :
X , O , S , Sh , Ch , Z
ÝÅääÇ Ííä äÌãÚåÇ äÖíÝ
Es
̋臃 :
Box >>>>>>>>>>>>Boxes
Wash >>>>>>>>>>>>>washes
Buzz>>>>>>>>>>>>buzzes
Class>>>>>>>>>>>>classes
æÊÍÊæí ÕíÛÉ ÇáÌãÚ Ýí ÇáÇÓã Úáì ÞÇÚÏÉ ÔÇÐÉ áÈÚÖ ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÍíË Ííä äæÏ ÌãÚ ßáãÉ ãÚíäÉ áÇ äÖíÝ áåÇ
S/es
áßä íÊÛíÑ Ôßá ÇáßáãÉ ßáíÇ áÐáß íÌÈ Ãä ÊÍÝÙ
̋臃
Man >>>>>>>>men
Child >>>>>>>>children
Mouse>>>>>>>>>mice
Foot>>>>>>>>>feet
Goose >>>>>>>>>geese
Tooth >>>>>>>>>>teeth
Ox>>>>>>>>>>oxen
Woman>>>>>>>>women
louse>>>>>>>>>liceÍíäãÇ äÞæã ÈÌãÚ ßáãÉ ÊäÊåí ÈÍÑÝ %
Y
æãÓÈæÞ ÈÍÑÝ ÓÇßä (ÇáÍÑæÝ ÇáÓÇßäÉ åí ßá ÍÑæÝ ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ãÇÚÏÇ ÎãÓÉ ãäåÇ æåí
(I , o , u , e , aæåÐå åí ÍÑæÝ ÇáÚáÉ
äÍÐÝ ÍÑÝ
Y
æäÖíÝ ÈÏÇáå ÍÑÝ
I
ãËÇá:
One country >>>>>>>>>>three countries
ÃãÇ ÅÐÇ ßÇä ÍÑÝ ÇáæÇí
Y
ãÓÈæÞ ÈÃÍÏ ÍÑæÝ ÇáÚáÉ ÇáÎãÓÉ ÇáÊí ÞáÊåÇ ÓÇÈÞÇ
äÞæã ÝÞØ ÈæÖÚ Çá
S
ÈÏæä Ãí ÊÛííííííííííÑ
ãËÇá
Toy>>>>>>>>>toys
åäÇß ßáãÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÊ ÊäÊåí ÈÍÑÝí ÅãÇ
F / fe æåÐå äÍæáåÇ Åáì
Ves
ãËÇá
Leaf >>>>>>>>>leaves
ÅäÊåì ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáÃæá ãä ÇáÏÑÓ æÅáÍíä ÝÓÍÉ
ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáËÇäí ãä ÇáÏÑÓ
ÞÈá ãÇ äßãá ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáËÇäí ÃÎæÇäí Ýíå äÞØÉ ÃÍÈ ÃÐßÑåÇ : ØÈÚÇ Ýíå ÈÚÖ ÇáÃÓãÇÁ áåÇ äÝÓ ÇáÕíÛÉ ÓæÇÁ Ýí ÇáãÝÑÏ Ãæ ÇáÌãÚ ..ÃãËáÉ
Dear>>>>>>>>>>dear
Fish>>>>>>>>>>>fish
Means>>>>>>>>>>>>means
Series>>>>>>>>>>series
Sheep>>>>>>>>>>sheep
Species>>>>>>>species**************
ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáãáßíÉ Possessive Nouns
æåí ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáÊí ÊËÈÊ ãáßíÉ ÔíÁ ãÚíä Åáì ÔÎÕ ãÚíä ..
ÃæáÇ : Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ Ãí ÅÐÇ ßÇä ÇáÇÓã ãÝÑÏÇ äÞæã ÈÕíÇÛÉ ÇáãáßíÉ Úä ØÑíÞ ÅÖÇÝÉ ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ Ëã
SåÐå ÃãËáÉ Úáì ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáãÝÑÏÉ :
The girl
My wife
A lady
Naser
äÕíÛåÇ Ýí ÇáãáßíÉ ÊÕÈÍ :
The girl´s
Naser´s
My wife´s
A lady´s
æåÐå Ìãá ÊæÖÍ ÇáãáßíÉ ááãÝÑÏ:The red suitcase is Cassandra's.
ÇáÔäØÉ ÇáÍãÑÇÁ åí áßÓÇäÏÑÇ (Ãí åí ãáß áßÇÓÇäÏÑÇ)
This is Naser´s pen .
åÐÇ Þáã äÇÕÑ ( íãáßå äÇÕÑ)
ËÇäíÇ: Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇáÌãÚ äÞæã ÈÕíÇÛÉ ÇáãáßíÉ Úä ØÑíÞ (ÇáÚßÓ) ÅÖÇÝÉ
S
Ëã ÇáÝÇÕáÉ ÇáÚáíÇ
̋臃 :
The girls>>>>>>>>>>the girls´
Their wives >>>>>>>>their wives´
The ladies >>>>>>>>the ladies´ÅÐÇ áæ áÇÍÙäÇ Åäå åÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ Ýí ÕíÛÉ ÇáÌãÚ ÈÚßÓ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ áÐáß ßá ÍÇáÉ áåÇ ÎÇÕíÉ Ýí ÕíÇÛÉ ÇáãáßíÉ .
# ÃÎæÇäí åá ÊÊÐßÑæä Ýí ÇáÌÒÁ ÇáÃæá ãä ÇáÏÑÓ íæã æÖÍÊáßã Åäå Ýíå ÈÚÖ ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÔÇÐÉ ãÇÊäÌãÚ ÈÇáØÑíÞÉ ÇáÚÇÏíÉ Úä ØÑíÞ ÅÖÇÝÉ
S
æåÐÇ åí :
Man >>>>>>>>men
Child >>>>>>>>children
Mouse>>>>>>>>>mice
Foot>>>>>>>>>feet
Goose >>>>>>>>>geese
Tooth >>>>>>>>>>teeth
Ox>>>>>>>>>>oxen
Woman>>>>>>>>women
louse>>>>>>>>>lice
ÖíÛÉ ÇáÌãÚ ãä åÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ áæ ÃÑÏäÇ ÖíÇÛÉ ÇáãáßíÉ ãäåÇ äÞæã ÈÅÖÇÝÉ ÝÇÕáÉ ÚáíÇ Ëã ÍÑÝ
SíÚäí ãËá ÍÇáÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ
̋臃 :
The men>>>>>>>>>>the men´s
My children>>>>>>>>>my children´s
************
# ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáãÚÏæÏÉ æÇáÛíÑ ãÚÏæÏÉ
Countable & Non-Countable Nouns
áÇÈÏ Ãä äÚÑÝ ÇáÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÅËäíä æåãÇ ÚßÓ ÈÚÖåãÇ
ÃæáÇ : ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáãÚÏæÏÉ Countable Nouns
æÊÔãá ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáÊí íÓÊØíÚ Ãí ÔÎÕ ÚÏåÇ æáÇÊãËá ÕÚæÈÉ Ýí ÇáÚÏ ãËá: ÇáÊÝÇÍ ..ÇáÃÞáÇã..ÇáÎíÇÑ ..ÇáßÑÇÓí ..ÇáßÊÈ ...ÅáÎ
íÚäí ÃÔíÇÁ äÞÏÑ Ãä äÍÕíåÇ ..æåÐå ÇáÃÓãÇÁ íãßä ÕíÇÛÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ æÇáÌãÚ ãäåÇ
ãËÇá :
Book >>>>>>>>>>books
äÔæÝ ÃãËáÉ Ýí Ìãá:
We painted the table red and the chairs blue.
ÞãäÇ ÈØáÇÁ ÇáØÇæáÉ ÇáÍãÑÇÁ æÇáßÑÇÓí ÇáÒÑÞÇÁ .
ÅÐÇ ãä ÔÑæØ ÇáÅÓã ÇáãÚÏæÏ :
1-ÞÏ íßæä ãÓÈæÞÇ È
A/an
Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇáãÝÑÏ
2-íäÊåí ÈÜ
S/es Ýí ÍÇáÉ ÇáÌãÚ
* æÞÏ äÓÊÎÏã ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÇáÊÇáíÉ ÞÈá ÇáÅÓã ÇáãÚÏæÏ áÅÝÇÏÉ ÇáßËÑæ Ãæ ÇáÌãÚ ãËá .
Many , a lot of ,some , two , three . fouræÃí ÚÏÏ ..
A chair >>>>>>>>>> many chairs
A chair >>>>>>>>>> a lot of chairs
A chair >>>>>>>>>> some chairs
A chair >>>>>>>>>> three chairs
æáæ ÍÈíäÇ äÓÃá äÓÊÎÏã
How many ……..?
ãËÇá:
How many apples are there?
ËÇäíÇ : ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÛíÑ ÇáãÚÏæÏÉ Non-Countable Nouns
(or mass noun)
åí ÇáÃÓãÇÁ ÇáÊí ãä ÇáÕÚÈ æÇáãÓÊÍíá Ãä äÍÕíåÇ æäÞæã ÈÚÏåÇ áÕÚæÈÉ Ðáß Ýí ÇáÍÞíÞÉ .
ãËá : ÇáÃËÇË ¡ ÇáÃæßÓÌíä, ÇáÃÑÒ , ÇáÚÕíÑ æ ÇáãÇÁ ....ÅáÎ
ãä ÔÑæØ ÇáÅÓã ÇáÛíÑ ãÚÏæÏ :
1- áíÓ ãÓÈæÞÇ ÈÜ
A/an
2- áÇíãßä ÕíÇÛÉ ÇáÌãå ãäå ÈÅÖÇÝÉ
S/esíãßä ÅÖÇÝÉ ßáãÇÊ ÊÏá Úáì ÇáÌãÚ ÝÞØ ãËá:
Much , a lot of , some
water>>>>>>>>>>>>> some water
water>>>>>>>>>>>>>a lot of water
water>>>>>>>>>>>>>much water
æáæ ÍÈíäÇ äÓÃá äÓÊÎÏã
How much………?
áÐáß áÇÈÏ äÝÑÞ Èíä ÇáÅËäíä ÚÔÇä äØÈÞ ÇáÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÕÍíÍÉ Úáì ßá ÍÇáÉ
ÇáÏÑÓ ÇáÑÇÈÚ : ÇáÃÝÚÇá
Verbs
ãÇåæ ÇáÝÚá¿
What Is A Verb?
ÇáÝÚá: åæ Ãåã ÌÒÁ Ýí Ãí ÌãáÉ . æåæ íÏá Úáì ÇáÍÏË ÇáãÑÊÈØ ÈÇáÝÇÚá.
æÇáÝÚá ÚÇÏÉ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ íÞÚ ÈÚÏ ÇáÝÇÚá ãÈÇÔÑÉ ßãÇ ÚÑÝäÇ ÓÇÈÞÇ ..
Subject + Verb+ Object
ãËÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÇá:
Salem reads a book .
íÞÑÇ ÓÇáã ßÊÇÈÇ .
æãä ÇáÎØà ÇáÝÇÏÍ Ãä äÖÚ ÇáÝÚá Ýí ÈÏÇíÉ ÇáÌãáÉ ßãÇ Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÚÑÈíÉ áßä äÊÈÚ ÇáÞÇÚÏÉ ÇáÓÇÈÞÉ ÝÇÚá Ëã ÝÚá Ëã ãÝÚæá Èå
æáíÓ
ÝÚá Ëã ÝÇÚá Ëã ãÝÚæá Èå
# ÊäÞÓã ÇáÃÝÚÇá Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ Åáì ÞÓãíä :
1- ÇáÝÚá áæÍÏå (a verb)
Ãí ÝÚá æÇÍÏ ÝÞØ áÇíÕÇÍÈå ÔíÁ
ãËÇá:
I come from Canada.
ÃäÇ ãä ßäÏÇ
ÝÇáÝÚá åäÇ æÇÍÏ ÛíÑ ãÑßÈ (come)
2- ÇáÝÚá ÇáãÑßÈ ( Compound Verb )
Ãí ÇáÝÚá ÇáÐí íÊßæä ãä ÌÒÆíä
ãËÇá :
It will snow tomorrow.
ÓæÝ ÊËáÌ ÛÏÇ .
ÝÇáÝÚá åäÇ (will snow)
ãßæä ãä ÌÒÆíä ÝÚá ãÓÇÚÏ WillæÇáÝÚá snow
æÊäÞÓã ÇáÃÝÚÇá Ýí ÇááÛÉ ÇáÅäÌáíÒíÉ ÊÈÚÇ ááÒãä Åáì ËáÇËÉ ÃÞÓÇã :
ÇáÝÚá ÇáãÖÇÑÚ æÃäæÇÚå Present simple
ÇáÝÚá ÇáãÇÖí æÃäæÇÚåpast simple
ÇáÝÚá ÇáãÓÊÞÈáí æÃäæÇÚå Future
æÓäÊØÑÞ ááÃäæÇÚ Ýí ÇáÏÑæÓ ÇáÞÇÏãÉ ÈÅÐä Çááå .
# åäÇß ÃÝÚÇá ãäÊÙãÉ æÃÝÚÇá ÛíÑ ãäÊÙãÉ
Regular verbs & Irregular Verbs
ÇáÃÝÚÇá ÇáãäÊÙãÉ åí ÇáÊí áÇíÊÛíÑ ÔßáåÇ ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáÒãä ãËáÇ ãä ãÖÇÑÚ Åáì ãÇÖí ÅáÇ ÃääÇ äÞæã ÈÅÖÇÝÉ ÅÖÇÝÇÊ ÈÓíØÉ Úáì ÇáÝÚá ÊÝíÏ ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáÒãä áßä ÇáÔßá ÇáÃÓÇÓí æÇáÚÇã ááÝÚá áÇíÊÛíÑ .
ãËÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÇá:
We talk to our father.
äÍä äÊßáã ãÚ ÃÈíäÇ (ÝÚá ãÖÇÑÚ ) æÇáÝÚá ( talk)
áæ ÃÑÏäÇ ÊÍæíá äÝÓ ÇáÌãáÉ ãä ÇáãÖÇÑÚ Åáì ÇáãÇÖí äÞæã ÝÞØ ÈÅÖÇÝÉ ed ÝÊÕÈÍ ÇáÌãáÉ:
We talked to our father.
äÍä ÊßáãäÇ ãÚ ÃÈíäÇ .
Talk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>talked
ÇáÃÝÚÇá ÇáÛíÑ ãäÊÙãÉ åí ÇáÊí íÊÛíÑ ÔßáåÇ ßáíÇ ÈÊÛíÑ ÇáÒãä ãËáÇ ãä ãÖÇÑÚ Åáì ãÇÖí áÇäÖÚ edÝí ÂÎÑ ÇáÝÚá . æåí ÃÝÚÇá ãÍÏæÏÉ íÌÈ ÍÝÙåÇ æÝåãåÇ æÇáÊÏÑÈ Úáì ÅãáÇÆåÇ .
ãËÇá:
They go to school.
åã íÐåÈæÇ Åáì ÇáãÏÑÓÉ
ÝÇáÝÚá åäÇ Go äÑíÏ ÊÍæíáå Åáì Òãä ÇáãÇÖí áÇäÞæã ÈÅÖÇÝÉ ed
ÝÊÕÈÍ ÇáÌãáÉ :
They went to school
åã ÐåÈæÇ Åáì ÇáãÏÑÓÉ .
Ýáæ äáÇÍÙ åäÇ Ãä ÇÝÚá ÊÛíÑ ÊãÇãÇ Ýí Ôßáå ãä
Go >>>>>>>>>>>>>went
æáã äÞã ÈÅÖÇÝÉ ed Ýí äåÇíÉ ÇáÝÚá Go
æåäÇß ÇáßËíÑ ãä ÇáÃÝÚÇá ÇáÔÇÐÉ ...
ÔßÑÇ áßÜ ÃÎÊíåÜ ÇÈÜÏÇÚí ãÝÊÇÍ äÌÇÍí Ú ÇáãÑæÑ æÇáÇÖÇÝå ÇáÌãíáÉ æÌÚáåÇ Çááå Ýí ãíÒÇä ÍÓäÇÊßÜÇÐÇ ÊÓãÍíáí ÇÎÊí ÇáßÑíãÉ ÈÇáÇÖÇÝÉ
æÔßÑÇ ÌÒíáÇ áß
ÇÑÌæ áÇ ÊÍÒäí ÝÇäÇ ÇÑíÏ ÝÞØ ÇáãÓÇÚÏÉ
ÌÒíÊ ÎíÑÇ
æÈÇÑßÜ Çááå ÝíßÜ .. ãæÝÞåÜ ..
[frame="2 80"]ÔßÑÇ áÕÇÍÈÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ[/frame]
ÇáÚÝææ .. ÊÓáã ÇÎæí ÇáÑÌá ÇáÎÝí Ú ÇáãÑæÑÔßÑÇ áÕÇÍÈÉ ÇáãæÖæÚ
ááÑÝÚ ¡¡¡¡
íÑÝÚ ÇÓÊÞÈÇáÇ ááÝÕá ÇáÏÑÇÓí ÇáÌÏíÏ
ÈÇáÊæÝíÞ ááÌãíÚ