تابع اللي الدرس المضاف والمضاف الية .


درسنا اليوم عن: مُضَافٌ وَمُضَافٌ إِلَيْهِ
Our lesson today is about: Mudaf wa Mudafun ilayh-Possesed and the Possesor

الْمُضَافُ هُوَ فِي النَّحْوِ اسْمٌ يُضَمُّ أَوْ يُضَافُ إِلَى اسْمٍ آخَرٍ يُعْرَفُ بِالْمُضَافِ إِلَيْهِ كَقَوْلِنَا بَابُ الدَّارِِ. فَـ"بَابُ" هُوَ الْمُضَافِ.
Al-Mudaaf in grammar is a noun that takes on a dammah or is "added" to another noun known as "Mudaafun ilayh", such as our saying: Baabud-Daar- the house's door (the door of the house). "Door" is the mudaaf.

وَالْمُضَافُ إليه هو اسم أُضِيفَ اسْمٌ آخَرٌ إِلَيْهِ، مثل: بَيْتِ مُحَمَّدٍ. فَمُحَمَّد هُوَ الْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ.
And al-mudaafu ilayh is a noun that another noun is "added" to, for ex.: Muhammad's house (the house of Muhammad). "Muhammad" is the mudaafun ilayh.

وَالْمُضَافُ لا يَقْتَرِنُ بِــ"الْ" لأَنَّهُ مَعْرِفَة بِـمَحَلِّهِ: فَلا صَحِيحٌ أَنْ يُقَالَ: الْكِتَابُ مُحَمَّدٍ.
Al-Mudaaf does not take on "Al" (the definite article) and that is because it is definite by position. So it is not correct to say: Al-Kitaabu Muhammadin.

وَالْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ إِمَّا مُقْتَرِنٌ بِــ"الْ" وَإمَّا لا يَقْتَرِنُ بــ"ال". وَيَجُوزُ لِلْمُضَافِ أَنْ يَكُونَ نَكِرَةً أَوْ مَعْرِفَةً.
Al-Mudaafu ilayhi can either take on "Al" or it does not take on "Al". And it is possible for the mudaafun ilayhi to be nakirah (indefinite) or ma'rifah (definite).

بِنْتُ الْمُدِيرِ The Principal's daughter

سَاعَةُ عَبَّاسٍ Abbaas' watch

بَابُ سَيَّارَةٍ A car door

دَفْتَرُ عَائِشَةَ Aa'ishah's notebook
وإِلَيْكُنَّ هَذَا اْلحِوَارَ مَثَلاً:

Take this dialogue as an example:

مُحَمَّدُ : أكتابُ صلاحٍ هَذا يَاعَبَّاسُ؟
Muhammad: Is this Salaah's book O Abbaas?

عَبَّاسٌ : لا، هذا كتابُ حامدٍ.
Abbaas: No, this is Haamid's book.

مُحَمَّدُ : أين كتابُ صلاحٍ؟
Muhammad: Where is Salaah's book?

عَبَّاسٌ : هُو على المكتبِ هُناكَ.
Abbaas: It is on the desk over there.

مُحَمَّدُ : أين دَفْتَرُ عَمَّاَرٍ؟
Muhammad: Where is Ammaar's notebook?

عَبَّاسٌ : هو على مَكْتَبِ الْمُدَرِّسِ.
Abbaas: It is on the teacher's desk.

مُحَمَّدُ : قَلمُ مَنْ هذا يَاعليُّ؟
Muhammad: Whose pen is this O Alee?

عَلِيٌ : هذا قلمُ الْمُدَرِّسِ.
Alee: This is the teacher's pen.

مُحَمَّدُ : أين حَقِيْبَةُ المُدَرِّسِ؟
Muhammad: Where is the teacher's bag?

عليّ : هي تَحْتَ المكتبِ.
Alee: It is under the desk.
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الْمُضَافُ غَيْرُ مُنَوَّنٍ، مِثْلُ: كتابُ الْمُدِيرِ. دَفْتَرُ محمدٍ. صَـاحِبُ المَحَلِّ.
Al-Mudaaf does not take on tanween (nunation- dammataan, fathataan, kasrataan). For ex.: Daftaru Muhammadin. (Muhammad's notebook). Saahibul-Mahalli (the shopkeeper). It is not correct to say: Daftarun Muhammadin.

وَالْمُضَافُ إِلَيْهِ يُكْسَرُ،: بَابُ الْمَسْجِدِ. سَيَّارَةُ عَبَّاسٍ. قَلَمُ فَاطِمَةَ.*
And mudaafun ilayhi takes on a kasrah. For ex: Baabul- Masjidi (the Masjid's door). Sayyaaratu Abbaasin (Abbaas' car). Qalamu Faatimata *(Faatima's pen).

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أَسْمَاءُ مَمْنُوعَةٌ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ هِيَ غَيْرُ مُنَوَّنَةٍ وَغَيْرُ مَكْسُورَةٍ، وَلَكِنَّهَا مَفْتُوحَةٌ فِي مَحَلِّ الْكَسْرَةِ. أَسْمَاءُ الإِنَاثِ غَيْرُ مُنَوَّنَةٍ، وَلِهَذَا لا تُكْسَرُ. وَأَيْضًا أَسْمَاءُ الذُّكُورِ الَّتِي فِي أَوَاخِرِهَا تَاءُ الْمَرْبُوطَةُ (ة) لا يُنَوَّنُ (كَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الذُّكُورِ مُنَوَّنٌ وَلَكِنَّ هُنَاكَ اسْتِثْنَاء. وَكَثِيرٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ الأَنْبِيَاءِ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلامُ هِيَ مَمْنُوعَةٌ مِنَ الصَّرْفِ (إِنْ شاء الله سَوْفَ نَدْرُسُ هَذَا فِي المستقبل).
*Nouns that are Mamnoo' minas-Sarf (Restricted from change) do not take on a kasrah and nor do they take on tanween, rather in place of kasrah they take on fatha. Feminine names do not take on tanween and therefore they do not take on a kasrah. Also, male names with taa'u marbootah do not take on tanween (most male names take on tanween, but there are exceptions). Many of the Prophets' Alayhimus Salaam names are mamnoo' minas-sarf. (Inshaa Allah we will learn about this in the future).
أمثلة: فاطمةُ، عائِشَةُ، حَسْنَاءُ، سَلْوَى، حَمْزَةُ، إِبْرَاهِيمُ، طَلْحَةُ
Examples: Faatimah, Aa'ishah, Hasnaa', Salwaa, Hamza, Ibraahim, Talha.

إن شاء الله درسنا التالي عن: النعت والمنعوت Inshaa Allah our next lesson will be about: an-Na'at wal-Man'oot (Adjective and the Object of Adjective [lit. "Describer and the Described"]