ملخصات واوراق عمل شاركونا

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كل احد عنده[gdwl] اوراق عمل ،تلخيصات ،امتحانات تدريبية ،اسئلة واجوبة[/gdwl] .....لخ

لايبخل علينا نبي ننجح ونتوفق باذن الله يــلا اعضاء همتكم

Sciences هو اول امتحان


فاللي عنده اوراق ملخصات عن

Physics and Chemistry


يحطها وجزاهـ الله الف خير

Physics

Chapter 20: Static Electricity
Section 20.1: Electric Charge

• Electrostatics is the study of electric charges that can be collected and held in one
place.
• Have you ever noticed the way that your hair is
attracted to the comb when you comb your hair on a
dry day or the way that your hair stands on end after it
is rubbed with a balloon?
• If so, you will recognize the attraction of the bits of
paper to a plastic ruler shown in the adjacent figure.
• There must be a new, relatively strong force causing
this upward acceleration because it is larger than the
downward acceleration caused by the gravitational
force of Earth.

A Microscopic View of Charge

• Electric charges exist within atoms.
• J.J. Thomson discovered that all materials contain light, negatively charged
particles that he called electrons.
• Ernest Rutherford discovered that the atom has a massive, positively charged
nucleus.
• When the positive charge of the nucleus equals the negative charge of the
surrounding electrons, then the atom is neutral.
• With the addition of energy, the outer electrons can be removed from atoms.
• An atom missing electrons has an overall positive charge, and consequently, any
matter made of these electron-deficient atoms is positively charged.
• The freed electrons can remain unattached or become attached to other atoms,
resulting in negatively charged particles.
• From a microscopic viewpoint, acquiring charge is a process of transferring
electrons.
• If two neutral objects are rubbed together, each can become charged.
• For instance, when rubber and wool are rubbed together, electrons from atoms on
the wool are transferred to the rubber, as shown in the figure below.
• The extra electrons on the rubber result in a net negative charge. The electrons
missing from the wool result in a net positive charge.
• The combined total charge of the two objects remains the same. Charge is
conserved, which is one way of saying that individual charges never are created
or destroyed.
• All that happens is that the positive and negative charges are separated through a

transfer of electrons

.
• Processes inside a thundercloud can cause the cloud bottom to become negatively
charged and the cloud top to become positively charged. In this case, charge is
not created, but separated.

Conductors and Insulators

• A material through which a charge will not move easily is called an electric

insulator

• Glass, dry wood, most plastics, cloth, and dry air are all good insulators.
• A material that allows charges to move about easily is called an electric

conductor.

• Electrons carry, or conduct, electric charge through the XXXXl.
• XXXXls like copper, iron, gold, aluminum etc … are good conductors because at
least one electron on each atom of the XXXXl can be removed easily.
• These electrons move freely
throughout the piece of XXXXl.
• The figure below contrasts how
charges behave when they are
placed on a conductor with
how they behave on an
insulator.
• Copper and aluminum are XXXX
excellent conductors and are
used commercially to carry electricity. Plasma, a highly ionized gas, and graphite
also are good conductors of electric charge.
• Air is an insulator.
• The spark that jumps between your finger and a doorknob after you have rubbed
your feet on a carpet discharges you.
• Similarly, lightning discharges a thundercloud. In XXXX of these cases, air became
a conductor for a brief moment.
• For a spark or lightning to occur, freely moving charged particles must be formed
in the normally neutral air.
• In the case of lightning, excess charges in the cloud and on the ground are great
enough to remove electrons from the molecules in the air.
• The electrons and positively or negatively charged atoms form plasma, which is a
conductor.
• The discharge of Earth and the thundercloud by means of this conductor forms a
luminous arc called lightning.
• In the case of your finger and the doorknob, the discharge is called a spark.
Answer the following questions:
1- What will happen if you rub two identical plastic rulers with a woolen cloth and bring
them together?
A. The rulers will attract each other.
B. The rulers will repel each other.
C. There will neither attract nor repel.
D. The rulers will partially attract and partially repel.
Answer :B
2- Which of the following statements about charges is true?
A. Charges are created by gaining electrons.
B. Charges are destroyed by losing electrons.
C. Charges are separated through a transfer of electrons.
D. Charges cannot be created, destroyed, or separated.
Answer : C
3- A negative charge is generated in a rubber rod by rubbing it with wool. When two
materials A and B are brought near the rubber rod, material A is attracted to the rod,
whereas material B is repelled. What can you say about the charges on the two materials?
A. A is positively charged, while B is negatively charged.
B. XXXX A and B are negatively charged.
C. XXXX A and B are positively charged.
D. B is positively charged, while A is negatively charged.

Answer: A

Study Guide

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الفكره حلوه وحمستونا

بس

ما شي ف المرفقات

[ŞťỸŁįŝђ βỖỸ]

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أمتحان Computer

هاي اوراق كمبيوتر جمعتها لكم
Q1: What is a computer?
A computer is an electronic device that
l Receives data: Information, such as text, numbers, or graphic images, is entered into the computer.
l Processes data: The computer will change the data from what was entered into the result the user wants.
l Stores data: The information is stored in the computer’s memory.
l Produces a result: A final display of the information that was entered can be printed or displayed on a monitor.
Q2: Put the names of each process on the figure below:

Q3: compare between computer types:
Computer type
Capabilities
Uses
Super computer
largest and fastest
Govern-ment

Main frame
large
fast
large
corpo-ration
Minicomputer
large
banks
comp-anies
microcomputer
moderate
home
every-where
Notebook
moderate
personal
use
PDA
small
personal
use

Q4: Define each of computer system parts.
Hardware: The physical devices such as keyboard, monitor, CPU..etc Software: Operating systems and lapplication programs Data: The facts entered into a computer to be processed People: The users who enter the data and use the resulting output

Q5: Define the 4 components of data communication
Channel: The media that carries or transports the message. This could be telephone wire, coaxial cable, microwave signal, or fiber optic.
Sender: computer that is sending the message
Receiver: The computer receiving the message
Protocol: The rules that govern the orderly transfer of the data sent
Q6: Define each of the following:
LAN , WAN , Internet , Intranet , Extranet.
LAN: A computer network located in a small geographical area, such as one building or department
WAN: A network made up of several local networks in a city, region, or across the world
Internet: The largest network in the world. It is used daily by millions of computer users.
Intranet: An intranet is used exclusively within an organization and contains company information
Extranet :computer networks that allow outside organizations to access a business’s internal information systems
Q7: Name the parts on the figure


Q1: Name 10 input devices
Keyboard - mouse -joystick -scanner - graphic tablets -touch screen
trackball - digital camera- voice recognition - microphone
Q2: Put the parts' names on the figure below:

Q3: compare between RAM & ROM:

Capacity
What Data is stored
RAM
Large
application
files
Looses data when computer is off
ROM
very small
how to start
permenant







Q4: Name 5 output devices
monitor - printer - projector - Speakers - Plotters
Q5: Compare between the following storage devices

capacity
uses
Hard disk
large capacit
store data
Floppy disk

very small
not used
Zip & Jaz
large
portable
Magnatic drive
large
backup
Cd-ROM
700 MB
portable
DVD
more than 4GB
portable
movies

Q6: Compare between the following

cost
speed
Laser

expensive

high speed
Ink Jet
moderate


moderate
Dot matrix
cheap
very slow



Q1: Write the name of each port on the figure


Q3: What is plug & play?
The computer’s operating system recognizes the new device when it is plugged in and takes care of all configuring tasks.

Q4: Define each of the following
Hacker: someone try to control your computer or steal your data
Fireewall:
combination of software and hardware elements, prevent unauthorized access to a computer on a network (including the Internet).
Modem : communication harware device that facilitates transmission of data
UPS: An uninterruptible power source prevents damage and data loss during a power failure
Surge protector: can protect against power spikes that can destroy components of your computer



What is multitasking?
Allow the user to work on 2 or more applications that resid in memory at the same time.
Q2: What are the types of software?
Application and system
Q3: What are the categories of system software?
operating system - translator - utility
Q4: Fill in the table to describe each utility program:
Defragment
Attempt to place the segments of each file as close to one another as possible
Backup
Makes a duplicate copy of the XXXXXXX on a secondary storage device

Antivirus
Protects computer system from viruses
Disk cleanup
Delete temporary files to save space

Q5: Name 3 operating systems.
Windows - Mac OS - DOS
Q6: Name 3 network operating systems.
Microsoft Windows NT
Novell's Netare
IBM's Warp server
Q7: Compare:
GUI
Users manipulate on-screen icons to perform functions, usually with a mouse or other pointing device
CLI
In this interface, you must type exact commands into the computer from a command prompt.




Q1: What is each of the following buttons used for?

minimize maximize close restore
Q2: Write the parts of a window on the figure

Q3: Write the following buttons names then describe the job for each

Turn off : shut down the computer
Restart : turn off the computer then turn it on automatically
stand by: power consumed is less and goes to RAM while computer is turned off
Q4: What is the difference between copy and move a file?
copy will duplicate the file and put a copy in destination
move will remove the file from source location and put it in
Q5: How can you restore a deleted file?
Go to the recyclebin , right click the file then choose restore


Q1: Name the steps of solving a problem
1. Define the problem.
2. Investigate and analyze the problem.
3. Identify possible solutions.
4. Select and implement a solution.
5. Evaluate solutions.
Q2:What is each application used for, give an example of each SW
Word Processing: Word-processing programs can be used to prepare newsletters, reports, and tables to organize and distribute important information
Spread sheets : are designed to store and manipulate numeric data.
Database software can organize, store, and retrieve large amounts of data
and create queries to locate specific data.
A relational database is a collection of database tables that are connected
to each other.
Presentation: Businesses and individuals use presentation software to
create automated slide shows.
Search engines: Tools that allow you to find information you need in deifferent sites
PIMS: is used to organize appointments, meetings, telephone and contact information, projects, and tasks to be completed.
Q3efine:
Telecommunication : refers to the electronic transfer of data.
Telecommunications software allows computers across the country to talk
with each other.
Distance learning: process to create and provide access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance
The Columns Grid
l The Columns grid shown at right displays.
l Drag across the grid to select the number of columns that you want.
When you release the mouse button, your text is reformatted into columns.

The Columns Dialog Box

l You can also insert columns in text by selecting the Columns option on the Format menu.
l You can specify other options, such as column width and spacing, in the Columns dialog box.

The Header and Footer Pane

Use the Header and Footer command on the View menu in Word to open the Header and Footer pane and display the toolbar (shown at the top of the figure) that you use to insert and edit these features.

Footnotes and Endnotes
l Footnotes are inserted at the bottom of the page on which the note is referenced in the document.
l Endnotes are placed together at the end of a document.
Resizing Graphics
l You resize a graphic by selecting it and then dragging the sizing handles.
l Use a corner sizing handle to enlarge or reduce the graphic proportionally.
You can also right-click the graphic and then use the Format Picture command on the shortcut menu to specify an exact size.

Cropping Graphics

l You can crop graphics to remove unwanted portions of the image.
l Cropping removes an area of an image, as shown at left. Select the Crop tool in the Picture toolbox, position it over a sizing handle, and drag to place dashed lines around the part of the graphic you want to retain.

The WordArt Gallery

l WordArt turns text into a graphic object.
l You can create your own effect or choose from a gallery of supplied effects.

The Drawing Canvas

l When you select a drawing tool, the drawing canvas and the drawing canvas toolbar display automatically.
l The drawing canvas provides a frame-like boundary around your object.
l The pointer changes to a crosshair, which you can move anywhere within the canvas to start your drawing.

The Thesaurus
l A thesaurus is a compilation of alternative words or synonyms.
l The Thesaurus feature in Word searches for a perfect synonym.
The Research Pane

The Excel Window


The Active Cell
l Click in a cell to select it, and a dark border will appear around the cell—this is the active cell.
l Once selected, you can enter data into the active cell.

AutoCorrect and AutoComplete
l AutoCorrect is a feature that automatically corrects commonly misspelled words as you key text.
– For example, if you key “teh,” AutoCorrect will change the text to “the.”
l AutoComplete anticipates what you are typing and displays a suggested word.
– It compares the first few characters you key with words in adjacent cells to see whether you are entering a series of similar words or data.
– Press Enter to accept the proposed word or keep keying data to ignore it.

AutoFill

Format Painter
l Once you have formatted selected cells, you can copy the same format to other cells using the Format Painter.
l To use Format Painter in Excel:
– Select a cell that has the format you want to apply.
– Click the Format Painter button.
– Highlight all cells that you want to format the same as the selected cell.
Merging Cells
l You can join two or more adjacent cells together.
l This allows you to create larger cells to accommodate a head that spans several columns, headers or footers, or long text fields.
– First select the cells to be merged.
– Click the Merge and Center button on the Standard toolbar.
Entering Data with AutoFill
l You can use the AutoFill feature to fill in a series of numbers and dates.
l To do so, a pattern must be established in the initially selected cells.
l When you drag the fill handle, the pattern is continued.
– When you drag the handle down or to the right, the series increases.
– When you drag the handle up or to the left, the series decreases.
Applying AutoFormats
l Excel provides several predefined worksheet formats that can be used to give your worksheet a professional look.
l AutoFormats include font styles, colors, borders, shading, and other features.
The AutoFormat Dialog Box

The Sort Dialog Box

The Header and Footer Tab

l To add a header or footer, select the Header/Footer tab in the Page Setup dialog box.
l Headers and footers are used to provide descriptive text such as the date the worksheet was printed, the name of the person or company who created the worksheet, or the filename of the workbook.
Creating a Formula (cont.)

l The formula is displayed in the Formula bar as you type it.
l When you press Enter, the result of the formula will display in the cell.
Relative Cell References
l By default, when you create formulas, the cell references are formatted as relative cell references.
l This means that when the formula is copied to another cell, the cell references will be adjusted relative to the formula’s new location, which is helpful when you need to repeat the same formula for several columns or rows.
Absolute Cell References
l An absolute cell reference does not change when a formula is copied or moved to a new location.
l To create an absolute reference, insert a dollar sign ($) before the column or row designator: =B5+$A$3
– If this formula was copied to a new cell, the B5 reference would automatically update to a new cell number, but the $A$3 would not change at all.

Mixed Cell References
l A mixed cell reference is created when the column or the row is absolute, but not XXXX of them: $A3
l When formulas with mixed cell references are copied or moved:
– The row or column references that are preceded by a dollar sign do not change.
– The row or column references not preceded by a dollar sign adjust relative to the cell to which they are moved.
Parts of a Function Formula

Common Excel Functions
Mathematical Functions
=PRODUCT
=ROUND
=ROUNDUP
=ROUNDDOWN
=SUM
Statistical Functions
=AVERAGE
=COUNT
=MAX
=MEDIAN
=MIN
The Average Function

The Sum Function
The Sum function is a mathematical function.
l It calculates the sum of the range identified in the argument.
l The function formula =SUM(B2:B8) calculates the total of the values in cells B2 through B8.

The Count Function
The Count function is a statistical function.
l It displays the number of cells with numerical values in the argument range.
l The function formula =COUNT(B4:B10) displays the result 7 if all the cells in the argument contained a numeric value.
l You can edit the range of cells displayed in the Function Arguments dialog box by selecting the cells.

Minimum and Maximum Functions
MIN and MAX are statistical functions.
l The MIN function displays the smallest value in the argument range, so =MIN(D412) would display the smallest numerical value in cells D4 through D12.
l The MAX function displays the largest value in the argument range, so =MAX(D412) would display the largest numerical value in cells D4 through D12.

Charts
l A chart is a graphic representation of worksheet data.
l Charts can make the data more interesting and easier to read and comprehend.
l Excel provides several chart types that you can choose from.
– The chart type that you select will depend on the data being represented by the chart.
Chart Types

Parts of a Chart

The Chart Wizard

l Click the Chart Wizard button on the Standard toolbar to start the Wizard.
l The Chart Wizard offers options and asks you questions in a series of dialog boxes to help create your chart.

The Chart Options Dialog Box

Parts of the PowerPoint Window

Changing the Slide View
PowerPoint offers three different ways to view your presentation:
l Normal view is the default view that provides the Outline, Slide, and the Notes pane.
l Slide Sorter view gives you an overall picture of your presentation by displaying your slides as thumbnails, making it easy to add and delete slides and change the order of the slides.
Slide Show view displays the current slide so that it fills the whole computer screen.

Changing the Slide View (cont.)

Slide Sorter View


The Slide Design Task Pane

The Slide Finder
l With Slide Finder, you can quickly find and copy slides from one presentation to another.
l When slides are copied from one presen-tation to a second presentation, they are automatically formatted the same way as the other slides in the second presentation.

The Slide Finder Dialog Box

AutoShapes and Word Art
l You can use AutoShapes, such as callout balloons and block arrows, to emphasize text.
– When you enter text in an AutoShape, the text is attached to the shape and moves with it.
l Use WordArt to create ornamental text effects.
– With WordArt, you can stretch, curve, and rotate your text to add even more elaborate effects.

The Font Dialog Box

Inserting a Graphic

Inserting Clip Art

l Click the Insert Clip Art icon in a graphic placeholder to open the Select Picture dialog box.
l Click in the Search text box, key a word to search, and click Go.
l Click any thumbnail image to insert it on your slide.
The Slide Layout Task Pane

l The default layout when you add a new slide to a presentation includes placeholders for a title and text.
l You can select any slide layout to apply to a slide by selecting the slide in Normal view and then selecting the layout you want to apply from the Slide Layout task pane.
l Your XXXXXXX and formatting remain and only the layout of the slide will change.

Slide Masters
l A Slide Master is an element of the design template that stores information about the template.
l A Slide Master is automatically provided with every design template in PowerPoint.
l You can keep formats, such as font styles and background design, in a Slide Master.
l You can also add text or insert graphics that will appear on every page.

Transitions
l Slide transitions determine how the display changes from slide to slide.
– You can make the current slide fade away before the next one appears.
– You can have slides automatically advance after a specified time period.
– You can play a sound effect as the slide appears.
Animation Effects
l You can apply animation effects, such as exit effects, entrance effects, and emphasis effects, to one slide or to an entire slide show.

Animation Effects (cont.)
l To add animation effects:
– In Normal view, open the Slide Show menu and choose Custom Animation.
– Click the Add Effect button in the Custom Animation pane to select a type of animation and then select an effect from the submenu that displays.
– Or select the More Effects option to open an effect dialog box.
The Add Exit Effect Dialog Box

Slide Sorter View

Printing Handouts
To print handouts for a presentation:
l Open the File menu and click Print Preview.
l Click the down arrow in the Print What text box to see the options available.
l Select one of the Handouts options from the list.
l Click the Print button in the Print Preview window to print the handouts.
– You can change the print options, such as the range of pages to print, color or grayscale, and number of copies, in the Print dialog box.

Parts of the Access Screen

Access Features
l Tables: All database data is stored in tables in rows and columns.
l Queries: Questions you ask about the data.
l Forms: Display data in a form format.
l Pages: Enable you to design database objects to be published on the Web.
l Macros: Used to automate tasks.
l Modules: Perform more complex operations than can be handled by macros.

An Access Database Window

Datasheet View and Design View
Access Database tables can be displayed in Datasheet view or Design view.
l Datasheet view displays the table data in rows and columns.
l Design view displays the field definitions.
A Table in Database View

Creating a Table Using a Wizard

l When you create a table using a Wizard, you respond to a series of questions about how you want to set up the table.
l First you will be asked to identify the fields you want in the database table.

Navigating in Datasheet View

Changing Field Properties
l In Design view, you can set or change the data type for each field.
l The default data type for a field is regular text.
l When you select a data type, a dialog box displays several options for field properties.
l The properties shown vary by data type.
l You can set any of the properties to customize the data in that field.

Data Type Options

Navigation Buttons

The navigation bar in Datasheet view lets you
l Go to the first record in the table.
l Go to the previous record.
l Go to a specific record number.
l Go to the next record in the table.
l Go to the last record in the table.
l Create a new record.

Creating a Form with the
Form Wizard
l Click the Forms icon in the Objects bar.
l Then double-click the Create form by using wizard link in the Database Objects window.
– The Form Wizard dialog box will open.
l Select the table to use for the form.

Form Wizard Dialog Box

Form Wizard Layout Choices

Form Wizard Style Choices

A Customized Form

Finding and Replacing Data
l Locating a particular value, one record, or a group of related records is not difficult with a small database.
l If the database is large, finding a particular record or value can be tedious.
l You can scroll through a database to find data or use the Find command to quickly locate information in a very large table.

The Find Command

l The Find command allows you to quickly locate a record containing specific data.
l Open the Edit menu and then select Find to open the Find tab in the Find and Replace dialog box.

Replace All

l Use the Replace All button in the Find and Replace dialog box to change all matching entries automatically.
l Only use the Replace All option when you are confident about making all replacements without reviewing them—you cannot undo Replace All.
Queries
l A query is a question that you ask about your database.
l It looks for data in your tables, similar to the Find command, but it can return multiple records at one time.
– When you create a query, you must identify the fields you want to see.
– You can select specific fields that you want to include in the query and exclude all other fields.

Creating a Query

l Click the Query icon on the Objects bar and then double-click the Create query in Design View link. The Show Table dialog box will appear.
l Select the table to be used for the query and then click the Add button to add the fields for that table to the query.

The Query Window
l When you close the dialog box, the query grid displays with the field list for the selected table.
l Click the down arrow next to the Field label in the grid to see a list of the field names for the table and then click on a name to select it.

Completing the Query Grid
l The order in which you select the fields is the order in which they will be displayed, but how they are laid out in the table does not matter to a query.
l Click in the Criteria field and enter a search value. The query grid below designates that all records written by authors with the last name Dickens will display.

Query Results
The query will run and display the results in a datasheet view.

Reports
l A report is a database object that lets you organize, summarize, and print all or a portion of your data.
l Reports can be based on a table or on a query.
l You can create a report manually in Design view, but the Report Wizard guides you through the process of creating and printing a report.
l To create a report, first click the Reports icon in the Object bar and then click Create a report by using wizard in the Database Object window to open the Report Wizard.
Report Wizard Dialog Box


l In the Report Wizard dialog box, select the table or query to use for the report, and the field names will display.

Mailing Labels
l Because databases often contain data regarding names and addresses, it is common to create mailing labels based on the database information.
l You can easily print mailing labels using a specialized report Wizard called the Label Wizard.
Using the Label Wizard (cont.)

Label Wizard Dialog Box

Label Wizard Dialog Box (cont.)


Label Wizard Dialog Box (cont.)

اممممممم وفي بتلاقون في الويكي مال المس بوربوينتات

احفضوو التعاريف والصور وان شاء الله اكون بجي ساعتدكم ولا تبخلون ع بعضكم من ساعد بعض علشان ننجح باذن الله

والله ولي التوفيق

وسوري تاخرت بس خذا وقت وياي

اسمحولي و ان شاء الله دووم بنزل الاشياء اللي عندي في باقي المواد

بس الدين والعربي سهل مايبيلة وموقع زين الدين احسه اوكــ