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/ The past perfect :

Past Perfect simple
FORM [had + past participle]
Examples:
· You had studied English before you moved to New York.
· Had you studied English before you moved to New York?
· You had not studied English before you moved to New York.

Past Perfect Continuous
FORM [had been + present participle]
Examples:
· You had been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.
· Had you been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived?
· You had not been waiting there for more than two hours when she finally arrived.

2/ The passive voice :

Examples:
Active voice:
Laura invited Nancy to a party this Saturday night at 8:00.
Robins eat huge amounts of earth worms every spring.
Farmers predominantly raise corn and hogs in Iowa.
Scholars have translated that book into sixteen different languages.
Passive voice:
Nancy was invited to a party this Saturday night at 8:00.
Huge amounts of earth worms are eaten every spring by robins.
Predominantly, corn and hogs are raised in Iowa.
This book has been translated into sixteen different languages

The passive can occur in different verb tenses:

Tense
Active
Passive
Simple Present
My teacher helps me.
I am helped by my teacher.
Simple Past
My teacher helped me.
I was helped by my teacher.
Future
My teacher will help me.
My teacher is going to help me.
I will be helped by my teacher.
I am going to be helped by my teacher.
Present Perfect
My teacher has helped me.
I have been helped by my teacher.
Past Perfect
My teacher had helped me.
I had been helped by my teacher.
Future Perfect
My teacher will have helped me tomorrow.
I will have been helped by my teacher tomorrow.
Present Progressive
My teacher is helping me.
I am being helped by my teacher.
Past Progressive
My teacher was helping me.
I was being helped by my teacher.