تم\ اي موضوع عن الكمبيوتر [الأرشيف]

المبرمجة

28-12-2009, 11:45 AM

A computer is a machine (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine) that manipulates data (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_(computing)) according to a set of instructions (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code).
Although mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). These were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer)).[1] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer#cite_note-0) Modern computers based on integrated circuits (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit) are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space.[2] (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer#cite_note-1) Simple computers are small enough to fit into a wristwatch (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch), and can be powered by a watch battery (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Button_cell). Personal computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computer) in their various forms are icons (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon) of the Information Age (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_Age) and are what most people think of as "computers". The embedded computers (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system) found in many devices from MP3 players (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_player) to fighter aircraft (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fighter_aircraft) and from toys (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy) to industrial robots (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot) are however the most numerous.
The ability to store and execute lists of instructions called programs (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program) makes computers extremely versatile, distinguishing them from calculators (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calculator). The Church–Turing thesis (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church%E2%80%93Turing_thesis) is a mathematical statement of this versatility: any computer with a certain minimum capability is, in principle, capable of performing the same tasks that any other computer can perform. Therefore computers ranging from a mobile phone (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone) to a supercomputer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer) are all able to perform the same computational tasks, given enough time and storage capacity.

والباقي :

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer)